لغات سطح پیشرفته آکسفورد ورد اسکیلز درس 71


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

abnormal/æbˈnɔrməl/

غیر عادی ناهنجار

صفت

The child's abnormal behavior was disturbing to those around him.
In addition to these abnormal cases, the life of certain insects is naturally more prolonged than usual.

unusual  uncommon  atypical  untypical  non-typical

2

archive/ˈɑrˌkaɪv/

بایگانی اتاق یا اداره بایگانی، آرشیو

اسم

The film archive ensures that old movies are preserved for future generations. 
I want to make sure we properly archive all of our legal documents. 

records  annals  chronicles  registers  accounts
papers

3

archive/ˈɑrˌkaɪv/

بایگانی کردن آرشیو کردن

فعل

The film archive ensures that old movies are preserved for future generations. 
I want to make sure we properly archive all of our legal documents. 

records  annals  chronicles  registers  accounts
papers

4

aspect/ˈæˌspɛkt/

جنبه وجه، بعد

اسم

The house had escaped the fire; it showed signs of damage but its general aspect was unchanged.
My favorite aspect of this home is the large, farmhouse style kitchen.

feature  facet  side  characteristic  particular

5

atom/ˈæt̬.əm/

اتم ذره

اسم

An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
When an atom is charged, it becomes an ion.

particle  molecule  bit  little bit  tiny bit

6

basic unit/ˈbeɪsɪk ˈjunət/

واحد اصلی یکای اصلی

اسم

7

bias/ˈbaɪəs/

تعصب تبعیض

اسم

His natural bias was to respect things as they were.
This document provides guidance on the stages in scheme development at which optimism bias can be reduced.

prejudice  partiality  partisanship  favouritism  unfairness

8

biased/ˈbaɪəst/

متعصبانه جانبدارانه، متعصب

صفت

The plan was biased in favor of small parties.
Biased bowls were introduced in the 16th century.

prejudiced  partial  partisan  one-sided  blinkered

9

cell/sel/

سلول (زیست شناسی)

اسم

The cell reproduced and the organism grew.
In every cell of your body except your red blood cells exists a copy of your DNA.

dungeon  oubliette  lock-up  prison
room  cubicle

10

conviction/kənˈvɪkʃən/

اعتقاد راسخ عقیده محکم

اسم

declaration of guilt  pronouncement of guilt  sentence  judgement
belief  opinion

11

defect/ˈdifɛkt/

نقص عیب

اسم

He had another defect besides the want of popular power.
The one defect is lack of green sward.

fault  flaw  imperfection  deficiency  weakness

12

defective/dɪˈfɛktɪv/

معیوب ناقص

صفت

The law is defective and unfair in its incidence, and it is not applicable to foreigners.
Accordingly" heresy is to be distinguished from defective stages of Christian knowledge.

faulty  flawed  imperfect  shoddy  inoperative

13

duplicate/ˈdupləkət/

کپی کردن تکرار کردن

فعل

Can you duplicate whatever this is?
It is of evergreen habit, and requires a warm position on the rockwork and well-drained sandy soil; or a duplicate should be sheltered during winter in a cold, dry frame.

copy  carbon copy  carbon  photocopy  facsimile

14

empirical/ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl/

تجربی آزمایشی

صفت

Thus we acquire a bodyof empirical generalizations as to social phenomena, and then we connect the generalizations with the positive theory of human nature.
The declared aim of the author 1 was to offer a complete solution of the great mechanical problem presented by the solar system, and to bring theory to coincide so closely with observation that empirical equations should no longer find a place in astronomical tables.

observed  seen  factual  actual  real

15

empiricism/ɪmˈpɪrɪsɪzəm/

تجربه‌گرایی

اسم

It is a system of empiricism and materialism, remarkable only for teaching free will.
8 Ordinary " inductive " empiricism shows that it has travelled far from this unprejudiced credulity when it asserts its hard determinism - uniform law, never broken, never capable of being broken.

16

facet/ˈfæsət/

جنبه منظر

اسم

He shouldn't try to control every facet of her life.
What drove her father to meddle in every facet of her life?

surface  face  side  plane  angle

17

faulty/ˈfɔːl.ti/

معیوب اشتباه

صفت

With this we may class faulty division of sentences.
The work of this age can always be detected by the faulty jointing (Plate IV.

malfunctioning  broken  damaged  defective  not working

18

genetic/ʤəˈnɛtɪk/

ژنتیکی (زیست شناسی) [وابسته به ژنتیک]

صفت

This is a form of genetic modification.
Today, genetic modification efforts are much more directed.

19

genetics/dʒəˈnet̬.ɪks/

(علم) ژنتیک ژن‌شناسی

اسم

Kim Kardashian, most notable for her role in a sex tape with her boyfriend Ray-J, has been rumored to have buttock implants, however some in the plastic surgery community argue that her ample asset may just be a case of genetics.
Some theories about the causes of autism look to environmental factors while others focus on genetics as the source of the developmental disorders, and others see a possible combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.

20

hereditary/həˈredɪteri/

موروثی ارثی، مادرزادی

صفت

We have seen the end of hereditary monarchy.
There were no hereditary or formally elected chiefs, nor was there any vestige of monarchy.

inherited  obtained by inheritance
bequeathed  willed  handed-down  passed-down

21

heredity/həˈredəti/

وراثت

اسم

The general laws of heredity and variation have been proved to apply to man as well as to animals and plants.
I guess so, but I wonder sometimes if heredity is the major factor.

congenital characteristics  congenital traits  genetics  genetic make-up  genes
ancestry

22

hypothesis/haɪˈpɑθəsəs/

فرضیه

اسم

Their hypothesis explains so many facts.
An unproven hypothesis of the existence of things can be useful.

theory  theorem  thesis  conjecture  supposition

23

hypothesize/haɪˈpɑːθəsaɪz/

فرضیه‌سازی کردن فرض کردن

فعل

Scholars hypothesize that tattooing was a permanent version of the desired aesthetic of body painting.
Researchers hypothesize that narcolepsy is a result of dysfunction within the body's sleep cycle regulation, but they do not know how to prevent this disorder from developing or how to completely stop it once it does manifest in a person.

24

hypothetical/ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtəkəl/

فرضی گمانی

صفت

In that hypothetical situation, what would the defense contractor want?
On these lines the equations of concentration cells, deduced above on less hypothetical grounds, may be regained.

theoretical  speculative  conjectured  imagined  notional

25

immune system/ɪmˈjun ˈsɪstəm/

سیستم ایمنی (زیست شناسی)

اسم

26

immunity/ɪmˈjunəti/

مقاومت (در برابر بیماری) ایمنی (در برابر بیماری)

اسم

resistance to  resilience to  non-susceptibility to  lack of susceptibility to  protection from

27

insert/ɪnˈsɜrt/

(داخل چیزی) قرار دادن (در چیزی) وارد کردن، توی (چیزی) گذاشتن، فرو کردن

فعل

it would not have been necessary to insert the initial o.
The list gives only twenty-nine names, and Mommsen proposes to insert Signini.

put  place  press  push  thrust

28

insertion/ɪnˈsɜːrʃn/

درون‌گذاری [عمل وارد کردن چیزی به داخل]، وارد کردن

اسم

The table is too long for insertion here.
It is argued that the literal rendering of this passage is inadmissible, because no man has ever seen God; on the other hand, the insertion of the word " angel " before God would be blasphemous.

introduction  introducing  putting  placing  installing

29

inspection/ɪnˈspɛkʃən/

بازرسی تفتیش، بررسی، بازدید

اسم

Her visits are nothing more than an inspection tour.
Efficient inspection of meat in the abattoirs should eliminate a large proportion of the diseased animals.

examination  check  check-up  survey  scrutiny

30

long-lived/ˌlɔːŋ ˈlɪvd/

دارای عمر طولانی

صفت

The insect showed the phenomenon of long-lived luminescence.
The second settlement made by his expedition at Buenos Aires was even less successful and long-lived than the first.

lasting, enduring, abiding
durable, hardy

31

maternity/məˈtɜːrnəti/

زنان و زایمان حاملگی

اسم

Didn't you realize you would have to buy some maternity clothes?
It has a Carnegie library (a branch of the public library of Cincinnati) and a Catholic maternity hospital.

motherhood, parenthood
motherliness

32

molecular/məˈlɛkjələr/

مولکولی

صفت

Let us now imagine what degree of transparency of air is admitted by its molecular constituents, viz.
In 1831, from a study of the specific heats of compounds, he formulated "Neumann's law," which expressed in modern language runs: "The molecular heat of a compound is equal to the sum of the atomic heats of its constituents."

33

molecule/ˈmɑləˌkjul/

مولکول

اسم

He studied the DNA molecule to see if the child was related to the man.
If a-naphthylamine and a-naphthol be reduced, the hydrogen atoms attach themselves to the non-substituted half of the molecule, and the compounds so obtained resemble aminodiethylbenzene, C 6 H 3 NH 2 (C 2 H 5) 21 and oxydiethylbenzene, C 6 H 3.

34

mutate/mjuːˈteɪt/

جهش یافتن (ژن) جهش داشتن، جهش کردن

فعل

This allows the bacteria to overwhelm the medication, mutate, and become more resistant to it.
The FMR1 gene can be passed from parent to child in a premutation form, which then may or may not fully mutate to cause Fragile X, or as a full mutation.

change  metamorphose  evolve  undergo a sea change
transmute  transform

35

mutation/mjuːˈteɪʃn/

جهش (ژنتیک)

اسم

There's never been a mutation like this in the history of our people.
If it's hereditary, then the mutation has been hidden from us for, like, maybe even hundreds of thousands of years.

alteration  change  variation  modification  transformation

36

objective/əbˈdʒek.tɪv/

بی‌طرفانه بی‌غرض

صفت

Dean tried to be as objective as possible and let the report speak for itself.
Success will depend on objective criteria and visualizing the process.

impartial  unbiased  unprejudiced  non-partisan  disinterested

37

objectivity/ˌɑːbdʒekˈtɪvəti/

بی‌طرفی بی‌غرضی، عدم تعصب

اسم

The very notion of objectivity and truth therefore disappears.
It is, indeed, the very impartiality and objectivity of his attitude that make the writings of Gentz such illuminating documents for the period of history which they cover.

impartiality  absence of bias  absence of prejudice  fairness  fair-mindedness

38

phenomena/fəˈnɑmənə/

پدیده

اسم

The phenomena of the year take place every day in a pond on a small scale.
How peaceful the phenomena of the lake!

occurrence  event  happening  fact  situation

39

phenomenon/fəˈnɑməˌnɑn/

پدیده

اسم

There are UFO groups which investigate the UFO phenomenon.
The insect showed the phenomenon of long-lived luminescence.

occurrence  event  happening  fact  situation

40

procedure/prəˈsiː.dʒər/

رویه اصول، پروسه

اسم

The civil procedure was kept secret.
This was, in fact, the procedure of the council of Pisa, in which Pierre d'Ailly took part.

course of action  line of action  plan of action  policy  series of steps

41

repel/rɪˈpel/

دفع کردن به عقب راندن

فعل

Objects attract if their charges are different or repel if they are the same.
He advocated the admission of Jews to parliament; he opposed Lord John Russell's measure to repel the so-called papal aggression; he opposed the admission of Dissenters into the university of Oxford; and he was hostile to the action of the government in the Crimean War.

fight off  repulse  drive away  drive back  put to flight

42

replicate/ˈrɛpləˌkeɪt/

تکرار کردن (به ویژه آزمایش‌های علمی) تقلید کردن

فعل

You might need to replicate everything.
In one mode of adenovirus infection (called lytic infection because it destroys large numbers of cells), adenoviruses kill healthy cells and replicate up to 1 million new viruses per cell killed, of which 1 to 5 percent are infectious.

copy  reproduce  duplicate  make a copy of  make a replica of
recreate

43

scrutinize/ˈskruːtənaɪz/

به دقت بررسی کردن موشکافی کردن، وارسی کردن

فعل

I know how you like to scrutinize a thing to death.
However, he didn't scrutinize the grocery bill.

examine carefully  inspect  survey  scan  study

44

scrutiny/ˈskruːtəni/

تحقیق موشکافی، بررسی دقیق

اسم

Too aware of his scrutiny, she cleared her throat and pretended to read the iPad.
His scrutiny came back to her face and he smiled.

careful examination  inspection  survey  scan  study

45

short-lived/ˌʃɔːrt ˈlɪvd/

کوتاه‌مدت زودگذر، موقت

صفت

Last but not least, if you think your child's interest in Scooby Doo might be short-lived, check out eBay or Craig's List for second-hand nightgowns so that you can save money indulging her until the next infatuation comes along.
The plants are best suited for rich bottoms in the wild garden, as though the foliage and habit are good, the flowers are short-lived in the ordinary border, and somewhat coarse in habit.

brief  short  momentary  temporary  impermanent

46

subjective/səbˈdʒektɪv/

فردی (براساس نظر) شخصی

صفت

In the notion of a teleological connexion and in that which for spirit is its subjective expression, viz.
That may be a mere subjective fancy.

personal  personalized  individual  internal  emotional

47

theory/ˈθɪri/

نظریه

اسم

The findings are discussed in the context of a competing theory.
Chaos and complexity can both be viewed as a theory of formal social systems.

hypothesis  thesis  conjecture  supposition  speculation

48

unbiased/ˌʌnˈbaɪəst/

بی غرض عاری از تعصب

صفت

Maybe that was what she needed to do – tell the entire story to an unbiased audience.
Yet this rehabilitation of pre-Reformation Germany cannot but make a strong appeal to the unbiased historical student who looks to a conscientious study of the antecedents of the revolt as furnishing the true key to the movement.

impartial  unprejudiced  non-partisan  neutral  objective

49

unit/ˈjuː.nɪt/

بخش

اسم

The medical unit has healed me.
This is Lieutenant George with the intel unit assigned to your command.

component  part  section  element  constituent

50

verification/ˌverɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

اثبات تایید

اسم

A few experimenters have carried the verification much further.
Another verification may be obtained from the phenomena of vapour pressure.

confirmation  substantiation  corroboration  attestation  affirmation

51

verify/ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ/

تأیید کردن تصدیق کردن

فعل

It is easy to verify this result.
Did they verify I was the only survivor?

substantiate  confirm  prove  show to be true  corroborate



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