لغات سطح پیشرفته آکسفورد ورد اسکیلز درس 36


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

abolish/əˈbɑlɪʃ/

لغو کردن منسوخ کردن

فعل

He wished to control, not to abolish them.
Many people fought to abolish slavery during the Civil War.

put an end to  do away with  get rid of  scrap  end

2

abolition/ˌæbəˈlɪʃən/

فسخ برچیدن، لغو

اسم

When the majority shall at length vote for the abolition of slavery, it will be because they are indifferent to slavery, or because there is but little slavery left to be abolished by their vote.
But the result did not lead to the abolition of all distinctions between the orders.

scrapping  ending  stopping  doing away with  termination

3

by common consent/baɪ ˈkɑmən kənˈsɛnt/

با توافق جمعی با اتفاق نظر عمومی

عبارت

4

by mutual consent/baɪ ˈmjuʧuəl kənˈsɛnt/

با رضایت دو جانبه با رضایت دو طرف

عبارت

5

capital punishment/ˈkæpətəl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

مجازات اعدام

اسم

6

cell/sel/

سلول (زندان) بازداشتگاه

اسم

The cell reproduced and the organism grew.
In every cell of your body except your red blood cells exists a copy of your DNA.

dungeon  oubliette  lock-up  prison
room  cubicle

7

confine/kənˈfaɪn/

حبس کردن زندانی کردن

فعل

But he did not confine his attention to abstract inquiries.
In fact, I'd confine myself to a bank vault or a guru's mountain top sanctuary.

enclose  incarcerate  imprison  intern  impound

8

confinement/kənˈfaɪnmənt/

حبس اسارت

اسم

His confinement was strict and injured his health, but he was allowed the use of books.
When her confinement is due, send to Moscow for an accoucheur....

imprisonment  internment  incarceration  custody  captivity

9

consent/kənˈsɛnt/

رضایت دادن موافق بودن

فعل

There's no way he'd consent to travel all the way from Boston.
Prince Andrew needed his father's consent to his marriage, and to obtain this he started for the country next day.

agreement  assent  concurrence  accord
permission  authorization

10

consent/kənˈsɛnt/

رضایت اجازه، موافقت

اسم

There's no way he'd consent to travel all the way from Boston.
Prince Andrew needed his father's consent to his marriage, and to obtain this he started for the country next day.

agreement  assent  concurrence  accord
permission  authorization

11

crisis/ˈkrɑɪ.sɪs/

بحران شرایط بحرانی

اسم

In 1887 a severe banking crisis occurred in Sardinia.
the larger part of his life, at that great crisis of the world's history, in other lands.

critical point  decisive point  turning point  crossroads  critical period

12

deter/dɪˈtɜːr/

جلوگیری کردن منصرف کردن

فعل

It's my responsibility to monitor and deter them in the mortal world, Rhyn said.
The failure of Jaureguy did not deter a young Catholic zealot, by name Balthazar Gerard, from attempting to assassinate the man whom he looked upon as the arch-enemy of God and the king.

put off  discourage  dissuade  scare off
warn  caution
dishearten

13

deterrent/dɪˈtɜrrənt/

بازدارنده وابسته به تسلیحات

اسم

This has to be a serious deterrent to Japan (as an example).
It was feared that the removal of this powerful deterrent would adversely affect discipline, but on the contrary, the yearly average of prison offences has diminished from 147 to 131 per thousand prisoners, and it has been felt by the authorities that the limitation was salutary and wise.

disincentive  discouragement  dissuasion  damper  brake

14

deviate/ˈdiviˌeɪt/

منحرف شدن پرت شدن، انحراف ورزیدن

فعل

Omar did not deviate from that line of conduct.
Clausius (1850), applying the same assumption, deduced the same value of F'(t), and showed that it was consistent with the mechanical theory and Joule's experiments, but required that a vapour like steam should deviate more considerably from the gaseous laws than was at that time generally admitted.

diverge  digress  drift  stray  slew

15

deviation/ˌdiːviˈeɪʃən/

انحراف گمراهی، کج‌راهی

اسم

the deviation of the ray at D is 7r-2r.
Deviation from this rule indicates molecular dissociation or association.

divergence  digression  turning aside  departure  deflection

16

exclusively/ɪkˈsklusɪvli/

منحصرا تنها، فقط

قید

You still worked almost exclusively with people in your lab or at least in your city.
Before that time it was based exclusively on the use of the harpsichord either as a means of supporting the other instruments or as also contributing principal parts to the combination.

17

group therapy/ˌɡruːp ˈθerəpi/

گروه‌‌درمانی گروه روان‌‌درمانی

اسم

18

occupational/ɑkjəˈpeɪʃənəl/

کاری وابسته به حرفه یا کار

صفت

forearm pain focus on its occupational aspects.
asbestos abatement in the 1990s by Laurie Kazan-Allen was published in the July, 1996 issue of the The Occupational Health Review.

job-related  work  professional  vocational  employment

19

hazard/ˈhæzərd/

خطر

اسم

The university is co-educational (since 1872), and comprises the graduate school, with 306 students in 1909; the college of arts and sciences (902 students); the college of law (225 students), established in 1887; the medical college (217 students, of whom 29 were taking freshman or sophomore work in Ithaca, where all women entering the college must pursue the first two years of work) - this college was established in 1898 by the gift of Oliver Hazard Payne, and has buildings opposite Bellevue hospital on First Avenue and 28th Street, New York city; the New York state veterinary college (94 students), established by the state legislature in 1894; the New York state college of agriculture (413 students), established as such by the state legislature in 1904, - the teaching of agriculture had from the beginning been an important part of the university's work, - with an agricultural experiment station, established in 1887 by the Federal government; the college of architecture (133 students); the college of civil engineering (569 students); and the Sibley College of mechanical engineering and mechanic arts (1163 students), named in honour of Hiram Sibley (1807-1888), a banker of Rochester, N.Y., who gave $180,000 for its endowment and equipment and whose son Hiram W.
We may find a fair parallel by imagining two plays drawn at hazard from the works of the great tragic writers.

danger  risk  peril  threat  menace
difficulty

20

imprison/ɪmˈprɪzn/

زندانی کردن به زندان انداختن

فعل

This time he fled to Brussels to escape imprison ment.
The second arrangement enables any particular engine to enter or leave without disturbing the other; but on the other hand an accident to the turn-table may temporarily imprison the whole of them.

incarcerate  put in prison  send to prison  jail  lock up

21

imprisonment/ɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

حبس

اسم

He was released after some months of imprisonment, without trial, by the intervention of his friends.
Imprisonment was common, but is not recognized by the Code.

incarceration  internment  confinement  detention  custody

22

inmate/ˈɪnmeɪt/

زندانی بیمار روانی

اسم

At the request of the abbess he became an inmate of the monastery.
From the Fijian and Andaman islander who exhibits abject terror at seeing himself in a glass or in water, to the English or European peasant who covers up the mirrors or turns them to the wall, upon a death occurring, lest an inmate of the house should see his own face and have his own speedy demise thus prognosticated, the idea holds its ground.

patient  inpatient  hospital case
convalescent
resident  inhabitant  occupant
prisoner

23

justifiable/ˌdʒʌstɪˈfaɪəbl/

قابل توجیه توجیه‌پذیر، موجه

صفت

Economically such companies are also justifiable up to a certain point.
Of all these interventions the most justifiable and beneficent, perhaps, was that which related to the Swiss cantons.

valid  legitimate  warranted  well founded  justified

24

justification/ˌʤʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/

توجیه

اسم

The justification of this statement is found in the literary collection of writings known by his name.
Since 1879 their leading doctrines have been formulated as follows: (I) the total depravity of man; (2) the real Godhead and real humanity of Christ; (3) justification and redemption through the sacrifice of Christ; (4) work of the Holy Spirit; (5) good works as fruits of the Spirit; (6) fellowship of believers; (7) second coming of Christ; (8) resurrection of the dead to life or judgment.

grounds  reason  just cause  basis  rationale

25

justify/ˈʤʌstəˌfaɪ/

توجیه کردن دلیل موجه آوردن

فعل

That didn't justify what I did.
I know there's nothing I can say to justify my actions.

give grounds for  give reasons for  give a justification for  show just cause for  explain

26

turn over a new leaf/tɜrn ˈoʊvər ə nu lif/

فصل جدیدی از زندگی آغاز کردن

عبارت

reform  improve  amend
mend one's ways  become a better person  change completely

27

lock up/lɒk ʌp/

زندانی کردن

فعل

jail  prison  cell  police cell  place of detention

28

proportion/prəˈpɔrʃən/

بخش بعد، اندازه

اسم

After that, it diminishes roughly in proportion to the delay.
The length of her body was strikingly out of proportion to her short legs.

part  portion  amount  quantity  bit

29

regard/rəˈgɑrd/

در نظر گرفتن محسوب شدن

فعل

Lifting her gaze to meet his intent regard, she implored him.
His regard was troubled.

consider  look on  view  see  hold

30

rehabilitate/ˌrihəˈbɪləˌteɪt/

احیا کردن بازسازی کردن

فعل

granted leave to Torquemada to rehabilitate the condemned, and withdrew practically all concessions hitherto made and paid for at Rome.
Christie, on the other hand, in possession of later sources of information, and with more honest purpose, did much to rehabilitate him.

restore to health  restore to normality  reintegrate  readapt  retrain
rehab
reinstate

31

rehabilitation/ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn/

توانبخشی بازپروری

اسم

(2) The diminished supply of slaves further acted in the direction of the rehabilitation of free labour.
His rehabilitation of Henry VIII.

32

reoffend/ˌriːəˈfend/

دوباره مرتکب جرم شدن

فعل

33

reoffender/ˌriːəˈfendər/

بازمجرم کسی که دوباره مرتکب جرم می‌شود

اسم

34

retribution/ˌretrɪˈbjuːʃn/

کیفر سزا، مجازات

اسم

I was quite ill afterward, and I wonder if retribution also overtook the turkey.
He decided to back down, in fear of violent retribution.

punishment  penalty  nemesis  fate  doom

35

revenge/rɪˈvendʒ/

انتقام

اسم

His revenge was all that would make him whole again.
"I can understand him seeking revenge," she said.

vengeance  retribution  retaliation  reprisal  requital

36

segregate/ˈseɡrɪɡeɪt/

جدا کردن (از لحاظ نژادی، مذهبی) تبعیض قائل شدن، تفکیک کردن

فعل

They also tend to segregate more or less, especially in large cities.
The ommatidium is from the first segregate and consists of few cells.

separate  set apart  keep apart  sort out
isolate  quarantine

37

segregation/ˌseɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn/

تبعیض (نژادی و مذهبی) جدایی، تفکیک

اسم

This local divergence may proceed as rapidly as through wide geographical segregation or isolation.
Segregation on reservations was generally accomplished in 1870-1880.

separation  setting apart  keeping apart  sorting out
isolation  quarantine

38

self-assessment/ˌself əˈsesmənt/

خودآزمایی خودارزیابی

اسم

The details of this system, which has no other refuge in the civilized world save partially in Switzerland, are remarkable for a most extraordinary diversity in the manner of collection, which practically becomes, however, self-assessment, and an equally extraordinary and general evidence of the crudity and inadequacy of the system, which has been the target of state tax reports throughout the Union for half a century.
The self-assessment checklists enabled students to be more independent in their learning.

39

self-catering/ˌself ˈkeɪtərɪŋ/

خودپذیرایی آشپزی به عهده خود

اسم

Darwin College offers some self-catering accommodation in the Darwin Houses.
anvil cottage - Far Sawrey A detached, traditional lakeland stone self-catering holiday home available year-round.

40

self-contained/ˌself kənˈteɪnd/

کامل مستقل، مجزا

صفت

A self-contained 'city', aircraft carriers aren't the speediest things afloat, but can transport a fleet of fighters to whatever part of the world they might be required.
When you read the old newspapers and see the ads, you realize how self-contained Ouray was back then.

complete  independent  separate  free-standing  enclosed
independent

41

therapeutic/ˌθerəˈpjuːtɪk/

درمانی

صفت

Maybe it was therapeutic for him in some way.
Aloin is preferable to aloes for therapeutic purposes, as it causes less, if any, pain.

healing  curative  curing  remedial  medicinal

42

therapy/ˈθer.ə.pi/

درمان - درمانی

اسم

Maybe he needs a little shock therapy to bring him back.
The same year, a technique for treating diabetes, insulin therapy, was developed.

treatment  remedy  cure  remedial treatment  method of healing
psychotherapy



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