لغات سطح پیشرفته آکسفورد ورد اسکیلز درس 17


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

bully/ˈbʊli/

زورگویی کردن گردن کلفتی کردن

فعل

The bully will now be more inclined to leave the kid alone.
Rostov went on ahead to do what was asked, and to his great surprise learned that Dolokhov the brawler, Dolokhov the bully, lived in Moscow with an old mother and a hunchback sister, and was the most affectionate of sons and brothers.

persecutor  oppressor  tyrant  tormentor  browbeater

2

brave/breɪv/

شجاع

صفت

He was brave now that he faced only a woman.
Her eyes watered at his brave words, and she hugged him.

courageous  plucky  fearless  valiant  valorous

3

bravery/ˈbreɪv.ə.ri/

شجاعت

اسم

He displayed great bravery in the defence of Mainz.
He fought on the side of the Trojans, and after greatly distinguishing himself by his bravery, was slain by Patroclus.

courage  courageousness  pluck  pluckiness  braveness

4

bully/ˈbʊli/

گردن کلفت قلدر، مزدور

اسم

The bully will now be more inclined to leave the kid alone.
Rostov went on ahead to do what was asked, and to his great surprise learned that Dolokhov the brawler, Dolokhov the bully, lived in Moscow with an old mother and a hunchback sister, and was the most affectionate of sons and brothers.

persecutor  oppressor  tyrant  tormentor  browbeater

5

coarse/kɔrs/

زشت و زننده بی‌ادبانه، توهین‌آمیز

صفت

The river abounds in coarse fish.
Silk fabrics, coarse woollen cloth, paper and clocks are manufactured.

rough  bristly  scratchy  prickly  hairy

6

courage/ˈkɜr.ɪdʒ/

شجاعت جرات، شهامت

اسم

Maybe the last situation was what gave her the courage to speak up when the inheritance tension came back.
I know you have the courage to talk to him.

bravery  braveness  courageousness  pluck  pluckiness

7

courageous/kəˈreɪʤəs/

شجاع باشهامت، شجاعانه

صفت

You're a very resourceful and courageous person.
I hope I shall be courageous always.

brave  plucky  fearless  valiant  valorous

8

criticize/ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz/

انتقاد کردن نکوهش کردن

فعل

Now all of a sudden you have time to criticize my judgment.
It would be unfair to criticize it from an exacting philosophical point of view.

find fault with  censure  denounce  condemn  arraign

9

crude/krud/

مستهجن گستاخانه، بی‌ادبانه

صفت

They were very rough and crude, but strong and serviceable.
Beyond them was a crude wooden floored arena hedged by rows of shouting people.

unrefined  unpurified  unprocessed  untreated
unmilled  unworked

10

dedicate/ˈdɛdəˌkeɪt/

اختصاص دادن تقدیم کردن، وقف کردن

فعل

A person could dedicate his life to understanding just one suggestion and never even get close.
His new wife longed for the necklace and peplus, and Alcmaeon, returning to Psophis, obtained possession of them, on the pretence that he desired to dedicate them at Delphi.

devote  commit  pledge  bind  obligate

11

dedicated/ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd/

متعهد وفادار

صفت

Tips were conveyed to a dedicated site on guaranteed secure lines.
A large new cathedral dedicated to St Alexander Nevski was in course of construction in 1907; the foundation stone was taken from the church of St Sophia.

committed  devoted  staunch  stalwart  firm

12

dedication/ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən/

تعهد ازخودگذشتگی

اسم

She removed the book from the shelf and opened it to the dedication page.
"The Dedication of Churches."

commitment  wholeheartedness  single-mindedness  enthusiasm  zeal

13

despicable/dɪˈspɪkəbl/

نفرت‌انگیز مذموم، بیزارکننده

صفت

Yes, what she did early on was despicable in our minds, but put yourself in her position.
My father did it because, to him, lying was so despicable he was forced to respond in a like manner.

contemptible  loathsome  hateful  detestable  reprehensible

14

despise/dɪˈspaɪz/

نفرت داشتن متنفر بودن

فعل

I don't want to have to despise you.
I'm beginning to despise public officials.

detest  hate  loathe  abhor  abominate

15

dignified/ˈdɪgnəˌfaɪd/

موقر با وقار، والا

صفت

Leo was dignified in appearance and elegant in speech, manners and writing.
Isolated enterprises somewhat of the character of a Crusade, but hardly serious enough to be dignified by that name, recur during the 14th century.

stately  noble  courtly  majestic  kingly
distinguished

16

dignity/ˈdɪgnəti/

وقار شأن، متانت

اسم

What she had left of her dignity depended upon it.
He thinks it is beneath his dignity to help around the house and watch the kids.

stateliness  nobleness  nobility  majesty  regalness

17

follow in somebody's footsteps/ˈfɑloʊ ɪn ˈsʌmˌbɑdiz ˈfʊtˌstɛps/

به پیروی از کسی کاری انجام دادن پا جای پای کس دیگری گذاشتن

عبارت

18

have a go at/hæv ə goʊ æt/

(کسی را) دعوا کردن کسی را به باد سرزنش گرفتن

عبارت

attack  censure  criticize  denounce  condemn

19

gossip/ˈgɑs.əp/

شایعه

اسم

Neither would ever question nor gossip about their bosses.
Darcie couldn't stand the gossip and rude behavior in every town, so she finally went back to the Indians.

tittle-tattle  tattle  rumour  rumours  whispers

20

gossip/ˈgɑs.əp/

شایعه (درست) کردن شایعه پراکندن

فعل

Neither would ever question nor gossip about their bosses.
Darcie couldn't stand the gossip and rude behavior in every town, so she finally went back to the Indians.

tittle-tattle  tattle  rumour  rumours  whispers

21

hero/ˈhɪroʊ/

قهرمان فرد محبوب

اسم

"My dear fellow, you are a hero!" said Bilibin.
"My hero," she smiled.

brave man  champion  man of courage  great man  man of the hour

22

heroine/ˈheroʊɪn/

قهرمان زن نقش اصلی زن، زن محبوب

اسم

Newly crowned heroine Lydia Larkin won the election by eight votes.
The story of the heroine is annually celebrated by a play in which the villagers take part.

brave woman  hero  woman of courage  great woman  woman of the hour
victor

23

humble/ˈhʌmbəl/

فروتن متواضع

صفت

Suarez lived a very humble and simple life.
Welcome to my humble abode!

meek  deferential  respectful  submissive  self-effacing

24

humility/hjuːˈmɪləti/

تواضع فروتنی، خشوع

اسم

It requires great humility to overcome hubris.
The church key reminds him that "it is my sin that locks his handes," and the stones of the floor are patience and humility, while the cement that binds them together is love and.

modesty  humbleness  modestness  meekness  lack of pride

25

hypocrisy/hɪˈpɑkrəsi/

ریاکاری تزویر، ریا

اسم

There was no hypocrisy in the tears of the empress.
The so-called higher virtues are mere hypocrisy, and arise from the selfish desire to be superior to the brutes.

sanctimoniousness  sanctimony  pietism  piousness  affected piety

26

hypocrite/ˈhɪpəˌkrɪt/

(آدم) ریاکار متظاهر

اسم

He is a hypocrite, a rascal who has himself roused the people to riot.
Charles was in these circumstances no hypocrite, but weak, hesitating and ill-balanced.

sanctimonious person  pietist  whited sepulchre  plaster saint  humbug

27

hypocritical/ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl/

ریاکار متظاهر

صفت

We're probably all a little hypocritical at times - and we're all sinners, so I hear.
3 To say that these protestations were hypocritical is to assume too much.

sanctimonious  pious  pietistic  self-righteous  holier-than-thou

28

idealist/aɪˈdilɪst/

آرمان‌گرا ایدئالیست

اسم

To speak technically, it is an idealist monism."
Realist make him almost if not quite intuitionalist; while there is also an idealist reading possible.

utopian  visionary  wishful thinker  pipe-dreamer  fantasist

29

idealistic/ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

آرمانگرا ایده‌آل‌گرا

صفت

Bruno was the precursor of the idealistic schools.
Baillie, Origin and Significance of Hegel's Logic (1901), and Outline of the Idealistic Construction of Experience (1906); P. Barth, Die Geschichtsphilosophie Hegels (1890); J.

utopian  visionary  romantic  quixotic  dreamy

30

idol/ˈaɪdəl/

فرد مشهور و محبوب قهرمان، ستاره

اسم

He was the idol of his soldiers, a good tactician, but not a great strategist.
The oldest idol of the Thespians was a rude stone.

icon  god  image  likeness  fetish

31

idolize/ˈaɪdəˌlaɪz/

بیش از حد ستودن پرستیدن، (از کسی) بت ساختن

فعل

Yes, but I didn't idolize them the way you do yours.
Did she idolize them?

hero-worship  worship  revere  venerate  deify

32

inspiration/ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/

الهام الهام بخشی

اسم

stimulus  stimulation  motivation  motivating force  fillip

33

inspirational/ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənəl/

الهام‌بخش

صفت

A result of this belief was to give their lives a peculiarly enthusiastic or inspirational character.
The Girl Who Spoke with Pictures: Autism Through Art by Ellen Miller and Kim Miller: This is the an inspirational story by a mother who chronicles her daughter's experience with autism through art.

stimulus  stimulation  motivation  motivating force  fillip

34

inspire/ɪnˈspaɪr/

ترغیب کردن تشویق کردن، انگیزه بخشیدن

فعل

These passages inspire a hope, but do not sustain a certainty.
Carmen must be quite a woman to inspire such admiration from Katie.

stimulate  motivate  cause  incline  persuade

35

look down on/lʊk daʊn ɑn/

با تحقیر (به کسی) نگاه کردن (کسی را) پست و حقیر دانستن

فعل

disdain  scorn  hold in disdain  regard with contempt  treat with contempt

36

look up to/lʊk ʌp tu/

به عنوان الگو به (کسی) نگاه کردن احترام گذاشتن و تحسین کردن

فعل

admire  have a high opinion of  think highly of  hold in high regard  regard highly

37

malice/ˈmæləs/

بدجنسی کینه‌توزی

اسم

She recoiled inwardly at the malice in his eyes.
Once this goodwill had been shown, he bore no malice towards those who rendered him his liberty by preferring Gambetta.

spitefulness  spite  malevolence  maliciousness  animosity

38

malicious/məˈlɪʃəs/

غرض‌ورزانه کینه‌توزانه

صفت

They are malicious gossip, greed of money, giving security, nocturnal robbery, murder, unchastity.
One of the principal grounds for an absolute divorce is malicious desertion.

spiteful  malevolent  hostile  bitter  venomous

39

on principle/ɑn ˈprɪnsəpəl/

به خاطر اصول اخلاقی از نظر اصول اخلاقی

عبارت

40

principle/ˈprɪnsəpəl/

اصل اخلاقی

اسم

Why couldn't Katie understand that there was a principle involved?
The basic principle was that those who worked hard would be rewarded.

truth  proposition  concept  idea  theory

41

rebel/ˈrebl/

یاغی شورشی، عصیانگر

اسم

"What is your name, young rebel?" said the British captain.
He was once again the rebel commander and not her Guardian.

revolutionary  insurgent  revolutionist  mutineer  agitator

42

rebel/ˈrebl/

شورش کردن نافرمانی کردن، طغیان کردن، شوریدن

فعل

"What is your name, young rebel?" said the British captain.
He was once again the rebel commander and not her Guardian.

revolutionary  insurgent  revolutionist  mutineer  agitator

43

rebellious/rɪˈbeljəs/

یاغی سرکش، عصیانگر

صفت

As soon as the rebellious Clement VII.
I shouldn't blame my rebellious moods on other people.

rebel  insurgent  mutinous  disorderly  lawless

44

snob/snɑːb/

افاده‎ای خودشیفته

اسم

He sounded kind of like a snob to me.
Denton could be a royal snob at times, but this time he had outdone himself.

45

spite/spaɪt/

کینه دشمنی

اسم

malice  maliciousness  ill will  ill feeling  spitefulness

46

spiteful/ˈspaɪtfl/

غرض‌ورز کینه‌توز، غرض‌ورزانه

صفت

Vera's spiteful; never mind her!
When he opened the ballroom door Pierre saw Natasha sitting at the window, with a thin, pale, and spiteful face.

malicious  mean  nasty  cruel  unkind

47

spread/spred/

پخش کردن پراکندن

فعل

A slow, cold smile spread across his face.
A smile spread across his face.

lay out  open out  unfurl  unroll  roll out

48

values/ˈvæljuːz/

ارزش‌ها اصول

اسم

The government must reflect the different values these groups have.
You have to stay true to your values while destroying something as well.

price  cost  worth
market price  selling price  asking price

49

vulgar/ˈvʌlɡər/

رکیک مبتذل

صفت

Avoid vulgar errors; cherish universal sympathy.
" The vulgar almost imagine him as a finite thing."

rude  indecent  indelicate  offensive  distasteful

50

worship/ˈwɜːrʃɪp/

به شدت دوست داشتن پرستیدن

فعل

reverence  revering  worshipping  veneration  venerating



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