لغات سطح پیشرفته آکسفورد ورد اسکیلز درس 13


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

ankle/ˈæŋ.kəl/

مچ پا

اسم

I hurt my ankle and I can't walk on it.
I twisted my ankle and fell.

2

blister/ˈblɪstər/

تاول

اسم

In fine work the apex of the blister is ground off before the linal hammering.
For long all the best high-carbon steel was made by remelting this blister steel in crucibles (§ 106), but in the last few years the electric processes have begun to make this steel (§ 108).

bleb  bulla  pustule  vesicle  vesication

3

blood pressure/blʌd ˈprɛʃər/

فشار خون

اسم

4

constipated/ˈkɑːnstɪpeɪtɪd/

دچار یبوست شده

صفت

Although a raw food diet is low residue and will produce a lower fecal volume than a cooked commercial diet that is high in carbohydrate fillers, some cats will become legitimately constipated on a raw regimen.
natural bran is a useful way of ensuring that you don't become constipated.

5

constipation/ˌkɑːnstɪˈpeɪʃn/

یبوست

اسم

It is in most instances traceable to exposure to cold or damp, to overuse of the limbs in walking, &c. Any source of pressure upon the nerve within the pelvis, such as may be produced by a tumour or even by constipation of the bowels, may excite an attack of sciatica.
The above embraces all that is necessary to be said in relation to diseases, though bees have been subject to other ailments such as paralysis, constipation, &c.

6

diarrhea/ˌdaɪəˈriːə/

اسهال

اسم

blamed for outbreaks of diarrhea among inmates.
It is very similar to the one produced by the gut bug clostridium, which causes chronic diarrhea.

loose motions  looseness of the bowels
the skitters  the runs  the trots  gippy tummy

7

discard/dɪˈskɑrd/

کنار انداختن کنار گذاشتن، دور انداختن

فعل

She started the coffee and picked up an empty pop bottle from the counter to discard in the trash.
He was also the first to discard the use of wooden bomb-shells, and substitute others cast in bronze.

dispose of  throw away  throw out  get rid of  toss out
reject

8

dislocate/ˈdɪsloʊkeɪt/

در رفتن (استخوان)

فعل

put out of joint  put out of place  displace  disjoint  disconnect

9

disorder/dɪˈsɔrdər/

اختلال بیماری

اسم

The tiny bit of disorder helped her relax.
But before starting he was called upon to suppress disorder at home.

untidiness  disorderliness  mess  disarray  disorganization

10

dissolve/dɪˈzɑːlv/

حل کردن

فعل

go into solution  become a solution  break down
liquefy  melt  deliquesce
disintegrate

11

dosage/ˈdoʊsɪdʒ/

دوز (دارو) مقدار مصرف

اسم

If two poisons act on the same tissue, one stimulating and the other paralysing it, the paralysing substance removes the action of the stimulant substance, not by bringing the tissue back to its normal state, but by abolishing its excitability; hence, although life may be saved by such an action, yet it can only be so within certain limits of dosage, because the antagonism is never complete at every point.
Château After the sediment has been removed the wine is subjected to dosage, or liqueuring.

12

dose/doʊs/

مقدار (دارو) دوز

اسم

amount  quantity  measure  portion  dosage

13

drowsiness/ˈdraʊzinəs/

خواب‌آلودگی

اسم

sleepiness  somnolence  tiredness  fatigue  weariness

14

drowsy/ˈdraʊzi/

خواب‌آلود

صفت

His warmth made her drowsy and comfortable, and she liked the feeling.
Within moments after finishing the drink, he grew too drowsy to stay awake and retreated to the bed.

sleepy  half asleep  dozy  dozing  heavy

15

effect/ɪˈfekt/

تاثیر اثر

اسم

The changes had an immediate effect.
Its effect was immediate.

result  consequence  upshot  outcome  out-turn

16

enclosed/ɪnˈkloʊzd/

به پیوست ضمیمه شده

صفت

The harbour is enclosed by two stone piers, and there is good anchorage in the bay.
The entire nematocyst is enclosed in the cnidoblast which formed it.

surround  circle  ring  encompass  encircle

17

exceed/ɪkˈsiːd/

فراتر رفتن از بیشتر شدن از

فعل

The channels between the islands do not exceed 2 meters.
The wind velocity did not exceed 20 km.

be more than  be greater than  be over  run over  go over

18

in excess of/ɪn ˈɛkˌsɛs ʌv/

بیش از بالغ بر

عبارت

more than  over  above  over and above  upwards of

19

expectation/ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/

انتظار توقع

اسم

Your natural expectation would be that they would talk, at least as well as Scooby does.
Such an expectation of persecution is inexplicable from Nero's time.

supposition  assumption  belief  presupposition  presumption

20

expire/ɪkˈspaɪər/

منقضی شدن به پایان رسیدن (تاریخ انقضا)

فعل

My offer is good whether you expire in three months or an eternity.
The armistice was allowed to expire, and a renewal of the contest became inevitable.

run out  become invalid  become void  be no longer valid  lapse

21

expiry date/ɪkˈspaɪəri deɪt/

تاریخ انقضا

اسم

22

hay fever/heɪ ˈfivər/

تب یونجه رینیت آلرژیک

اسم

23

splitting headache/ˈsplɪtɪŋ ˈhɛˌdeɪk/

سردرد وحشتناک سردرد بسیار شدید

عبارت

24

heel/hiːl/

پاشنه (پا، کفش و جوراب)

اسم

She turned on her heel and walked.
The man smashed his heel onto her already wounded arm.

wedge  wedge heel  stiletto  stiletto heel  platform heel

25

high blood pressure/haɪ blʌd ˈprɛʃər/

فشار خون بالا

اسم

26

itch/ɪʧ/

خارش کردن خاریدن

فعل

In the bathroom she painted the little bumps, wincing as the sting burned the itch away.
Yully concentrated on the small itch in her mind that told her Jule was near.

tingling  irritation  itchiness  stinging  prickling

27

itchy/ˈɪtʃ.i/

خارش‌آور [حالت خارش داشتن]

صفت

itchy skin is no fun for kids.
An ordinary mole is not usually itchy or painful.

28

leaflet/ˈliːflət/

بروشور کتابچه

اسم

It was stated in a leaflet circulated throughout Paris that Favras had organized a plot of which the count of Provence was the moving spirit.
leaflet enlarged.

pamphlet  booklet  brochure  handbill  circular

29

lethargic/ləˈθɑːrdʒɪk/

سست بی حال، کسل، خمود

صفت

Lana awoke lethargic and in pain.
Moreau was notoriously lethargic in civil affairs.

sluggish  inert  inactive  slow  torpid

30

lethargy/ˈleθərdʒi/

رخوت بی حالی، سستی

اسم

Very large doses in animals cause lethargy, collapse and death.
The lethargy of the nation toward its capital suddenly vanished at the outbreak of the Civil War.

sluggishness  inertia  inactivity  inaction  slowness

31

long-term/ˌlɔːŋˈtɜrm/

دراز مدت طولانی مدت

صفت

Martha was unable to get by her natural compassion of the moment and look at a long term goal.
It was facilitated by trained tutors who themselves have long-term health problems.

32

low blood pressure/loʊ blʌd ˈprɛʃər/

فشار خون پایین

اسم

33

ulcer/ˈʌlsər/

زخم

اسم

Chronic gastric ulcer is not unfrequently the starting point of cancer.
Wright, "Protozoa in a case of tropical ulcer (Delhi sore), " Journ.

sore  ulceration  open sore  abscess  boil

34

muscle/ˈmʌsl/

ماهیچه عضله

اسم

Not a single muscle of his face--which in those days was still thin--moved.
Every muscle in her body was sore.

thew
strength  power  muscularity  brawn  brawniness

35

nasty/ˈnæs.ti/

ناخوشایند تهوع‌آور، تنفرآمیز، منزجرکننده

صفت

I wonder if that nasty dog is in need of a walk.
He was a cruel and nasty man.

unpleasant  disagreeable  disgusting  distasteful  awful

36

persist/pərˈsɪst/

ادامه داشتن اصرار ورزیدن

فعل

Nightmares persist with the dogs of the law in never ending pursuit.
The nuclei of the original cells persist in the protoplasmic membrane.

persevere  continue  carry on  go on  keep at it

37

persistent/pərˈsɪstənt/

مصرانه مصر

صفت

He was completely obsessed by one persistent thought.
Ignoring the persistent ring, she put the chicken in the oven and closed the door.

tenacious  persevering  determined  resolute  purposeful

38

pull/pʊl/

کشیدن کشیده شدن (ماهیچه)

فعل

Here, let me pull out the stove.
Pull her up first.

tug  haul  drag  draw  trail

39

rash/ræʃ/

خارش تحریک پوستی

اسم

"We all need to stop and think this through and not make any rash decisions," I said.
It was a rash thing to do.

spots  skin eruption  breakout
hives  heat rash  nettle rash

40

scalp/skælp/

کف سر پوست سر

اسم

Zach jerked suddenly, knocking his cap off and exposing a scalp full of red hair.
The nails of the fingers, or the hair of the scalp may grow to an enormous length if not trimmed.

41

scratch/skrætʃ/

خاراندن

فعل

Scratch any chance of fingerprints.
You told me you were tired of trying to scratch out a living from this ranch.

score  abrade  scrape  roughen  scuff

42

short-term/ʃɔːrtˈtɜrm/

کوتاه مدت

صفت

We put in place short-term measures to reduce the amount of watering we are doing.
Short-term protection against hepatitis A is available from immune globulin, a preparation of antibodies that can be given before exposure for short-term protection against hepatitis A and for persons who have already been exposed to HAV.

43

side effects/ˈsaɪd ɪfekts/

عوارض جانبی

اسم

44

soluble/ˈsɑljəbəl/

حل‌شدنی (در آبگونه) محلول، حل‌شدنی (مسئله یا مشکل)

صفت

It is easily soluble in hot nitric acid.
It is soluble in water and is very poisonous.

45

speed limit/spid ˈlɪmət/

سرعت مجاز حداکثر سرعت، محدودیت سرعت

اسم

46

sprain/spreɪn/

پیچ خوردن رگ به رگ شدن

فعل

However, being overweight and generally inactive also increases the chance of developing a strain or sprain.
It may be necessary for the child to do exercises to strengthen the joint after a serious sprain.

wrench  twist  turn  strain  crick
pull

47

stated/ˈsteɪtɪd/

مشخص‌شده تصریح‌شده، بیان‌شده، معین‌شده

صفت

"I'm not like him," Alex stated firmly.
Len colored and glanced at Connie, who dimpled and firmly stated, "Yes."

set  fixed  settled  agreed  declared

48

stomach upset/ˈstʌmək əpˈsɛt/

ناراحتی معده شکم‌درد

اسم

49

twist/twɪst/

پیچ خوردن

فعل

She tried to twist away from him.
The sound made her gut twist and her chest tighten.

crumple  crush  buckle  mangle  warp



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