درس 10


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

foreigner/ˈfɔːr.ə.nər/

بیگانه خارجی

اسم

The power of the foreigner in Arabia was broken..
The French doctor held no taper; he was leaning against one of the columns in a respectful attitude implying that he, a foreigner, in spite of all differences of faith, understood the full importance of the rite now being performed and even approved of it.

2

outsider/aʊtˈsaɪdər/

بیگانه غریبه

اسم

I was the outsider he was talking about.
An outsider is out of place here...

3

stranger/ˈstreɪn.dʒər/

غریبه

اسم

Who was this stranger and what had he done with sweet Alex?
The hidden stranger lashed out at him.

4

suit/suːt/

کت و شلوار

اسم

He always looked nice, but normally he would have worn a suit for the occasion.
When he succeeded in forming it to suit her, she patted him on his woolly head so vigorously that I thought some of his slips were intentional.

5

suite/swiːt/

اتاق مجلل (در هتل) سوئیت، مجموعه‌ای از اتاق‌ها

اسم

She was in the living area of his suite again.
Belliard began talking loudly and eagerly to the generals of the suite around him.

6

beside/bəˈsɑɪd/

کنار پیش

حرف اضافه

The boy who sat beside him was his son.
The keys hung on the wall beside the door.

7

besides/bɪˈsaɪdz/

گذشته از این تازه، به هر حال

قید

Besides, those are my animals.
She knows four hundred words besides numerous proper nouns.

8

lay/leɪ/

(روی چیزی) گذاشتن قرار دادن

فعل

What lay at the end of that path?
She lay down, hugging it.

9

lie/lɑɪ/

دراز کشیدن

فعل

I can't lie to him.
Zeb was also escorted to a room--so grand and beautiful that he almost feared to sit in the chairs or lie upon the bed, lest he might dim their splendor.

10

actually/ˈæk.tʃu.ə.li/

در واقع واقعا، راستش

قید

Had anyone actually told her that or had she merely assumed it?
Was he actually avoiding conversation with his father?

11

currently/ˈkɜr.ənt.li/

در حال حاضر هم اکنون

قید

This is currently my favorite red car.
Jackson rounded the corner onto Elm Street toward the Renaissance inspired estate he currently called home.

12

announce/əˈnɑʊns/

اعلام کردن به اطلاع رساندن

فعل

I will also announce you as the supreme battle strategist.
A herald sent forward to announce the coming of a king.

13

advertise/ˈædvərtaɪz/

تبلیغ کردن

فعل

A friend of hers who is a florist asks if she can advertise on the site.
We could advertise them in our brochure.

14

affect/əˈfɛkt/

تحت تاثیر قرار دادن تغییر دادن

فعل

I didn't think about how it might affect you if I got hurt out there.
It wasn't possible that it could affect their life together.

15

effect/ɪˈfekt/

تاثیر اثر

اسم

The changes had an immediate effect.
Its effect was immediate.

16

ashamed/əˈʃeɪmd/

خجالت‌زده شرمنده

صفت

I was ashamed of my desire.
"But the Christians offer up prayers for them, that they may turn from their error; and when one of them turns, he is ashamed before the Christians of the deeds that were done by him, and he confesses to God saying: ` In ignorance I did these things '; and he cleanses his heart, and his sins are forgiven him, because he did them in ignorance in former time, when he was blaspheming the true knowledge of the Christians."

17

embarrassed/ɪmˈbær.əst/

خجالت‌زده شرمنده

صفت

There's nothing to be embarrassed about.
I was kind of embarrassed about the money not coming in the mail like I said.

18

deny/dɪˈnɑɪ/

انکار کردن منکر شدن

فعل

Carmen couldn't deny that fact.
It was getting harder and harder to deny what she felt toward him.

19

refuse/rɪˈfjuːz/

رد کردن امتناع کردن، سرپیچی کردن

فعل

I can't refuse to answer you.
Having no way to refuse, she followed him to the campfire of their host.

20

compromise/ˈkɑm.prəˌmɑɪz/

مصالحه سازش

اسم

She had to compromise between herself and her partner.
No, there could be no compromise on that subject.

21

commitment/kəˈmɪt.mənt/

تعهد

اسم

I'm simply not ready to face that kind of commitment yet.
It wasn't commitment he was afraid of.

22

economic/ˌiː.kəˈnɑm.ɪk/

اقتصادی

صفت

They have no economic advantage in going to war.
But three years later a new economic development began.

23

economical/ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl/

مقرون به صرفه صرفه‌جو، صرفه‌جویانه

صفت

An economical method of evaporation must be found.
The system is economical in fuel, but needs skilled attendance to keep the appliances and fittings in order.

cheap  inexpensive  low-cost  low-price  low-budget

24

strength/streŋθ/

قدرت توانایی

اسم

She'd need her strength for what she planned.
When I think back, it's difficult to believe I found the strength to do so.

power  brawn  brawniness  muscle  muscularity

25

strengthen/ˈstreŋ.θən/

تقویت کردن

فعل

The "singing lessons" were to strengthen her voice.
These fortresses, garrisoned not by the king, as in Norman England, but by their possessors, would only strengthen the power of the feudatories, and help to dissipate the kingdom into a number of local units.

make strong  make stronger  build up  give strength to  make healthy

26

length/lɛŋkθ/

طول قد

اسم

His canines were four times the length of hers.
in length, with a basal girth of 24 in.

extent  extent lengthwise  distance  distance lengthwise  linear measure

27

lengthen/ˈlɛŋθən/

بلند کردن (طول لباس و ...)

فعل

Accents on vowels lengthen them; on d and t they are softening marks.
or March) and the days begin to lengthen the phyto-planktonic organisms begin to reproduce.

elongate  make longer  stretch out  extend
expand  widen

28

depth/depθ/

عمق ژرفا

اسم

deepness  distance downwards  distance inwards  distance from the outside
drop  vertical drop

29

deepen/ˈdiːpən/

عمیق کردن عمقی کردن

فعل

She waited until she heard his breathing deepen and then rose.
She glanced up quickly, feeling the color deepen in her face.

grow  increase  intensify  strengthen  escalate

30

shortness/ˈʃɔrtnəs/

کوتاهی

اسم

Another striking feature is shortness of legs relatively to length of trunk.
In Europe the same physical traitsrelative length of head and shortness of legsdistinguish the central race (Alpine) from the Teutonic, and seem to indicate an affinity between the former and the Mongols.

31

shorten/ˈʃɔːrtn/

کوتاه کردن

فعل

It has long been a Canadian ideal to shorten the distance from Lake Superior to the sea.
So great, however, is the desire to shorten the time and distance necessary for the transportation of grain from Lake Superior to Montreal that an increasing quantity is taken by water as far as the Lake Huron and Georgian Bay ports, and thence by rail to Montreal.

make shorter  abbreviate  abridge  condense  precis

32

width/wɪdθ/

عرض پهنا

اسم

wide, the Bafing at this point having a width of 360 ft.
Geologically considered, the country may be divided into three regions - a central, and the largest, comprising the whole width of the Aravalli system, formed of very old sub-metamorphic and gneissic rocks; an eastern region, with sharply defined boundary, along which the most ancient formations are abruptly replaced by the great basin of the Vindhyan strata, or are overlaid by the still more extensive spread of the Deccan trap, forming the plateau of Malwa; and a western region, of very ill-defined margin, in which, besides some rocks of undetermined age, it is more or less known or suspected that Tertiary and Secondary strata stretch across from Sind, beneath the sands of the desert, towards the flanks of the Aravallis.

wideness  breadth  broadness  thickness  spread

33

widen/ˈwaɪ.dən/

تعریض کردن عریض کردن، گشاد کردن

فعل

Then with great labor he began to widen the passageway.
He did much to widen the national church.

broaden  become wider  make wider  open up  open out

34

height/haɪt/

ارتفاع

اسم

The mountain ridges vary in height up to 4000 ft.
He's about the same height and weight but he's younger.

highness  tallness  loftiness  distance upwards  extent upwards

35

heighten/ˈhaɪtən/

بالا بردن زیاد کردن، افزایش دادن

فعل

These are cleverly employed in order to heighten the impression of its instability.
Its criminal employment is usually intended to heighten sexual desire, and has frequently led to death.

make higher  raise  lift  lift up  elevate

36

weakness/ˈwiːk.nəs/

ضعف نقص، سستی

اسم

The memory of her weakness for him was all too fresh.
At the first sight of weakness, her cause would be lost.

frailty  feebleness  enfeeblement  puniness  fragility

37

weaken/ˈwiːkən/

ضعیف کردن تضعیف کردن

فعل

According to circumstances I shall weaken one wing to strengthen my reserve...."
Two causes principally had tended to weaken the Mogul power.

enfeeble  debilitate  incapacitate  sap one's strength  enervate

38

thickness/ˈθɪknəs/

ضخامت کلفتی

اسم

Borings show that the thickness of this group varies from 35 o ft.
The thickness varies from five to sixteen feet.

width  breadth  depth  diameter  extent
breadth

39

thicken/ˈθɪkən/

سفت شدن غلیظ شدن

فعل

In these cases, certain cells of a colony of unicellular plants or of the filaments of multicellular plants enlarge greatly and thicken their wall.
In the year of the treaty of Etaples the Yorkist conspiracies began once more to thicken, and Henry was fortunate to escape with profit from the French war before his domestic Yorkist troubles recommenced.

become thick  become thicker  stiffen  become firmer
condense  become more concentrated
solidify

40

flatness/ˈflætnəs/

صافی مسطحی

اسم

The flatness of faces of stone or rock (both granite and limestone) was tested by placing a true-plane trial plate, smeared with red ochre, against the dressed surface, as in modern engineer.
The error of flatness of the joints from a straight line and a true square is but thth in.

41

flatten/ˈflætən/

صاف کردن مسطح کردن

فعل

"I'll flatten you into a pancake!" shouted the angry officer to the soldier.
Go back or I'll flatten you into a pancake, repeated he.

become flat  make flat  become even  make even  become smooth

42

under fire/ˈʌndər ˈfaɪər/

مورد انتقاد شدید قرار گرفتن

عبارت

43

skepticism/ˈskeptɪsɪzəm/

شک‌گرایی شکاکیت

اسم

The mark of these technologies is that they are greeted with universal skepticism at first.
And, since New Yorkers are famous for their skepticism, it should come as no surprise that available men and women who post photographic evidence of their attractiveness will get more attention.

doubt  doubtfulness  dubiousness  a pinch of salt  lack of conviction
disbelief

44

prior/ˈpraɪər/

قبل قبلی

صفت

I'd witnessed his reaction the prior night.
She had received notice from Parkside's police officer McCarthy the prior day, Tuesday, late in the afternoon.

earlier  previous  preceding  foregoing  antecedent

45

tip of the iceberg/tɪp ʌv ði ˈaɪsbərg/

ذره‌ای از خروار (مشکلات فراوان و پنهانی)

عبارت

46

allure/əˈlʊr/

جاذبه کشش، گیرایی

اسم

My Betsy is fine looking woman, beautiful in my mind and in the eyes of most, but even I have to admit she lacks the room-stopping allure of Martha LeBlanc.
Signs were hung out on all sides to allure him; some to catch him by the appetite, as the tavern and victualling cellar; some by the fancy, as the dry goods store and the jeweller's; and others by the hair or the feet or the skirts, as the barber, the shoemaker, or the tailor.

attraction  lure  draw  pull  appeal



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