درس 9


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

coldness/ˈkoʊldnəs/

سردی بی‌احساسی

اسم

Coldness ran through her.
Coldness shot through her.

2

postgraduate/ˌpoʊstˈɡrædʒuət/

مربوط به تحصیلات تکمیلی

صفت

They offer foundation degrees, honors degrees, and postgraduate degrees.
They approve residency programs, and oversee residencies that provide postgraduate training in various naturopathic specialties in the United States and Canada.

3

market research/ˌmɑːrkɪt rɪˈsɜːrtʃ/

مطالعات بازار

اسم

4

pollution/pəˈluʃən/

آلودگی

اسم

Heathenish cults and forbidden manners and customs are a pollution to the land and a deep insult to the true God.
They may also take proceedings in respect of the pollution of a stream by any solid or liquid sewage matter.

contamination  contaminating  adulteration  adulterating  tainting

5

deal/diːl/

قرارداد معامله

اسم

It meant a good deal to him to secure a home like this.
She'd deal with him later.

agreement  understanding  pact  compact  bargain

6

manufacture/ˌmænjuˈfæktʃər/

تولید کردن

فعل

The subsidiary industries, such as the manufacture of machinery and wire fabric, are of considerable importance.
For instance, you may manufacture widgets from lightweight plastic.

make  produce  mass produce  build  construct

7

megacity/ˈmeɡəsɪti/

کلان‌شهر ابرشهر

اسم

8

homeless/ˈhoʊmləs/

بی‌خانمان سرگردان، آواره

صفت

She was a homeless girl – kind of put me in mind of you.
They sat on that table for two weeks, then I finally took them to a homeless shelter.

without a roof over one's head  on the streets  vagrant  sleeping rough  living rough
destitute

9

brand/brænd/

نشان تجاری برند

اسم

She grabbed the note pad and wrote a brand name and quantity.
They moved into a brand new building a couple of months back.

make  line  label  marque
type  kind

10

manager/ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.ər/

مدیر

اسم

executive  head of department  line manager  supervisor  principal

11

market/ˈmɑr.kɪt/

به بازار عرضه کردن فروختن (از راه تبلیغات)

فعل

The market is only two blocks away.
There is a large weekly market for grain, and annual horse and cattle fairs.

shopping centre  marketplace  mart  retail outlet  flea market

12

money/ˈmʌn.i/

پول

اسم

He said I could spend his money with a clear conscience.
It's about time you spent some money on yourself.

cash  hard cash  ready money
the means  the wherewithal  funds

13

misleading/mɪsˈliːd.ɪŋ/

گمراه‌کننده فریب‌دهنده

صفت

The title of My Exile in Siberia is misleading; he was never in that country.
Thanks for being 'a bit misleading.'

deceptive  confusing  deceiving  equivocal  ambiguous

14

customer/ˈkʌs.tə.mər/

مشتری

اسم

They suggest other products a customer might be interested in.
More and more data about each customer will be available.

shopper  consumer  buyer  purchaser
patron  client
regular

15

hopeless/ˈhoʊ.pləs/

مایوس‌کننده

صفت

I feel so hopeless when I can't help her.
This is a hopeless assembly.

despairing  without hope  in despair  desperate  dejected

16

owner/ˈoʊ.nər/

مالک

اسم

I talked the owner into selling her to me.
The owner is selling it because he bought a truck.

possessor  holder  proprietor  proprietress  homeowner

17

market/ˈmɑr.kɪt/

بازار

اسم

The market is only two blocks away.
There is a large weekly market for grain, and annual horse and cattle fairs.

shopping centre  marketplace  mart  retail outlet  flea market

18

careful/ˈker.fəl/

مراقب مواظب

صفت

Just be careful where you go.
Please promise me you will be extra careful, though?

cautious  heedful  alert  aware  attentive

19

well/wel/

به خوبی خوب

قید

Well... they had been flirting with each other in the car.
Well, there are a lot of reasons we don't get along.

satisfactorily  in a satisfactory manner  in a satisfactory way  nicely  correctly

20

alienation/ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/

بیگانگی ناهمبستگی، بیگانه کردن، جدایی

اسم

The alienation was not, however, for long.
The courts pronounced the alienation fines illegal.

isolation  detachment  estrangement  distance  separation

21

staff/stæf/

پرسنل کارکنان

اسم

(The staff officer smiled.)
But I did not always use this staff of life.

employees  workers  workforce  personnel  hands

22

decision/dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/

تصمیم

اسم

It was no small decision for her.
This might be the most difficult decision she would ever make.

resolution  conclusion  settlement  commitment  resolve

23

CEO/ˌsiː iː ˈoʊ/

مدیر عامل مدیر ارشد اجرایی

اسم

Actually, quite beautiful, and very cultured, old money, CEO of some company or other, blah, blah, blah.
The CEO received accolades for business success.

24

autopilot/ˈɔːtəʊpaɪlət/

خلبان خودکار هدایت هواپیما بدون خلبان

اسم

He rose, as if on autopilot, turned, and faced the window.
This isn't one of those diets where you snap into autopilot; you have to put some thought into your menu, learn to cook your food and probably abstain from eating out more often than not.

25

population/ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən/

جمعیت

اسم

The population of the nearest big city was growing.
Half the population of his planet had been decimated by famine and war.

inhabitants  residents  people  citizens  citizenry

26

useful/ˈjuːs.fəl/

سودمند مفید

صفت

He has a useful gift.
For someone who needs more power, it's a very useful talent.

functional  practical  handy  neat  convenient

27

automated/ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd/

خود کار

صفت

ATMs replaced human bank tellers, so they are called "Automated Teller Machines."
It will be a massive, completely automated, robotic facility.

28

badly/ˈbæd.li/

بد

قید

Could you tell how badly he was hurt?
We'll see how badly you want to leave.

poorly  incompetently  ineptly  inexpertly  inefficiently

29

investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/

سرمایه‌گذاری

اسم

Your investment would be for naught.
Goodness is the only investment that never fails.

investing  speculation
expenditure  outlay  funding  backing

30

bullet-proof/ˈbʊlɪt-pruːf/

ضد گلوله

صفت

To listen to her talk, you'd think he was six feet tall and bullet proof.
Thus the Tagliche Rundschau observed, in allusion to Erzberger's personal appearance, " he may be as round as a bullet, but he is not bullet-proof."

31

grow/groʊ/

رشد کردن بزرگ شدن

فعل

They all grow up.
I want to grow old with him.

get bigger  get taller  get larger  increase in size  increase in weight

32

racism/ˈreɪˌsɪz.əm/

نژادپرستی

اسم

We have stigmatized racism; and while it unquestionably still exists between many races, racism is becoming less and less relevant.
If you abhor racism, you can make a difference by fighting it.

racial discrimination  racialism  racial bigotry  racial prejudice  xenophobia

33

commuter/kəmˈjutər/

مسافر (هر روزه)

اسم

Yet, as she opened the car door, her gaze was drawn to the commuter plane.
In dropped Fred O'Connor looking like a New York commuter during a subway strike.

daily traveller, traveller, passenger
straphanger, suburbanite

34

job/dʒɑːb/

شغل کار

اسم

Hopefully, she could get her job at the diner.
We can handle this job by ourselves.

position of employment  position  post  situation  place

35

waterproof/ˈwɔːt̬.ərˌpruːf/

ضد آب

صفت

She pulled out waterproof ankle boots and her thick, lamb's wool-lined coat then quickly gathered her toiletries and packed an overnight bag.
Should the walls or floor be damp, waterproof paper is added.

watertight  water-repellent  water-resistant  weatherproof
damp-proof
impermeable  impervious
coated

36

inhabitant/ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/

سکنه ساکن

اسم

It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live.
per inhabitant in 1902 1903, and is increasing.

resident  occupant  occupier  dweller  settler
local

37

expand/ɪkˈspænd/

گسترش دادن افزایش دادن

فعل

A body made up of molecules of this kind will expand on heating.
Then it would suddenly seem to him that it was not she but he was so unusually beautiful, and that that was why they all looked so at him, and flattered by this general admiration he would expand his chest, raise his head, and rejoice at his good fortune.

increase in size  become larger  enlarge
swell  become distended  dilate

38

underdeveloped/ˌʌndərdɪˈveləpt/

توسعه‌نیافته پیشرفت کافی نکرده، عقب‌افتاده

صفت

underdeveloped in most schools.
underdeveloped in most industrialized countries.

39

loss/lɑːs/

ضرر کاهش، از دست دادن

اسم

He already felt the loss of her calm energy, but he had no idea what to do about it.
The sense of loss returned.

mislaying  misplacement  dropping  forgetting  overlooking
deprivation

40

ad/æd/

آگهی تبلیغات

اسم

The ad was just a box at the paper and no phone number.
ad gentes, c. 5, where, with Georg Hoffmann (Pers.

41

loneliness/ˈloʊnlinəs/

تنهایی

اسم

A wave of loneliness washed over her.
She felt a deep sense of loneliness and longing.

isolation  friendlessness  lack of companions  lack of friends  forsakenness

42

merge/mɜrʤ/

ادغام شدن یکی شدن

فعل

Or you can merge it with mine, I don't care.
Megan had so many ideas – ideas that could easily merge with his.

join  join together  join forces  amalgamate  consolidate

43

absent/ˈæb.sənt/

غایب

صفت

Felipa nodded, her gaze becoming absent again.
The left side of Howie's head was absent hair and a series of three dark scars were visible.

away  off  out  not present  non-attending

44

chief executive officer/ˌtʃiːf ɪɡˈzekjətɪv ɑːfɪsər/

مدیر عامل اجرایی مدیر ارشد اجرایی

اسم

45

prefix/ˈpriːfɪks/

پیشوند

اسم

Cattle-grazing is the chief farm industry in the west, sheep and horse-rearing in the east; the prevalence of the prefix " Market " in the names of the rural towns is noticeable in this respect.
They were a knightly family when we first hear of them about 1250, though towards the end of the 14th century they seem to have been but simple men without the honours of knighthood, and not always using their prefix "von."

46

poverty/ˈpɑːvərti/

فقر

اسم

Despite their poverty begging is practically unknown.
Bringing an end to poverty, then, will also help bring an end to hunger.

penury  destitution  indigence  pennilessness  privation

47

profit/ˈprɑːfɪt/

سود بهره

اسم

I turned a good profit on that piece of real estate.
Land for farming purposes is expensive, and wages are high, leaving small profit, unless it happens that a man, with his family to assist him, works his own land.

financial gain  gain  return  returns  payback

48

firm/fɜːrm/

شرکت موسسه

اسم

The horse had stopped short, and stood firm as a rock.
He lifted her and placed her on a firm bed.

hard  solid  unyielding  resistant
solidified  hardened
compacted

49

advertisement/ˌæd.vərˈtɑɪz.mənt/

تبلیغات آگهی

اسم

Despite the spam and advertisement web sites, there are a number of places you can get free wallpapers for your cell phone that are not only legal but are also absolutely 100% free with no strings attached.
The company also launched a division that produces direct-selling advertisement (also known as infomercials) for other networks and has expanded its relationship with other television networks and publications.

notice  announcement  bulletin
commercial  promotion  blurb

50

convenience/kənˈviːn.jəns/

سهولت راحتی

اسم

expedience  expediency  advantageousness  advantage
favourableness  opportuneness

51

business/ˈbɪz.nɪs/

کار تجارت، داد و ستد، شغل، حرفه، کسب و کار

اسم

I mean, I could still have my business in town.
In business transactions Alex was frugal with his money, but when it came to his family, he was generous.

work  line of work  line  occupation  profession

52

suffix/ˈsʌf.ɪks/

پسوند

اسم

It is remarkable in how many marshy places this -co- or -ca- suffix is used.
Nouns are divided into two classes, one of which takes a pronominal suffix, while the other never takes such a suffix.

53

distance/ˈdɪs.təns/

مسافت فاصله

اسم

We were sitting together in a hammock which swung from two solemn pines at a short distance from the house.
She kept her distance from him.

interval  space  span  gap  separation

54

sue/suː/

شکایت کردن

فعل

I'm good at spotting trends, so sue me.
I'd sue your ass and the county and everyone else in sight for a zillion bucks.

take legal action against  take to court  bring an action against  bring a suit against  proceed against
charge

55

absenteeism/ˌæbsənˈtiːɪzəm/

غیبت از کار گریزی

اسم

The crime of "plurality," the holding by one cleric of two or more benefices, was especially attacked, as also clerical absenteeism and ignorance, and laxity in the monastic life.
He may have anticipated with something of remorse the reflection of a modern historian, that the absenteeism of her landlords has been less of a curse to Ireland 'than the absenteeism of her men of genius.

56

multicultural/ˌmʌltiˈkʌlʧərəl/

چند فرهنگی

صفت

It is often referred to as "The Rainbow Nation," due to its newly-developed multicultural diversity.
The goal of multicultural education is to help students understand and appreciate cultural differences and similarities and to recognize the accomplishments of diverse ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups.

57

unbreakable/ənˈbreɪkəbəl/

غیر قابل شکستن نشکن

صفت

The mating bond of the Immortals and deities and the blood bond of the demons were the two oldest bonds, unbreakable under the Immortal Code and from the laws older than the Code.
Nevertheless along the whole line some kind of surveillance was established long before the close of 1861, and, in proportion as the number of vessels available increased, the blockade became more and more stringent, until at last it was practically unbreakable at any point save by the fastest steamers working under unusually favourable conditions of wind and weather.

shatterproof  non-breakable  indestructible  imperishable  resistant

58

company/ˈkʌm.pə.ni/

شرکت شرکا

اسم

I haven't had any female company in months.
Go and keep her company for ten minutes.

firm  business  corporation  house  establishment

59

produce/prəˈduːs/

تولید کردن

فعل

Tobacco, vegetables and other garden produce are much cultivated; cotton could probably be grown with profit.
We already produce more than enough food to feed the planet.

manufacture  make  construct  build  fabricate

60

antisocial behavior/ˌæntɪˈsoʊʃəl bɪˈheɪvjər/

رفتار ضداجتماعی

اسم

61

brotherhood/ˈbrʌðərhʊd/

برادری

اسم

It seemed to me that his object in entering the Brotherhood was merely to be intimate and in favor with members of our lodge.
This is not a section about hope, ideals, wishes, or the brotherhood of all mankind.

comradeship  fellowship  brotherliness  fraternalism  kinship
companionship

62

research/rɪˈsɜrtʃ/

پژوهش تحقیق

اسم

investigation  experimentation  testing  exploration  analysis

63

subway/ˈsʌb.weɪ/

مترو قطار زیرزمینی

اسم

Then you'd get on the bus or subway and go to the polling place and vote.
The subway was built by the city, but leased and operated by a private company on such terms as to repay its cost in forty years.

underpass  underground passage  pedestrian tunnel  tunnel
underground railway  underground

64

entertainment/ˌɛntərˈteɪnmənt/

سرگرمی

اسم

In his day, Shakespeare was low-brow entertainment for the common class.
"It was entertainment for a rainy day," I offered.

amusement  pleasure  leisure  relaxation  fun

65

commercial/kəˈmɜr.ʃəl/

پیام بازرگانی

اسم

He continued the agitation with the object of attaining both the political and commercial independence of Hungary.
The capital was the center of the commercial activities.

trade  trading  business  private enterprise  mercantile

66

misunderstand/ˌmɪsəndərˈstænd/

اشتباه فهمیدن درست نفهمیدن، سو تعبیر کردن

فعل

You misunderstand the terms.
But we should quite misunderstand this pessimism if we held it to mean that Jeremiah saw no signs of private morality and individual spiritual convictions among his people.

misapprehend  misinterpret  put a wrong interpretation on  misconstrue  misconceive

67

client/ˈklaɪənt/

مشتری موکل

اسم

I've been looking at his client files and calling some of them.
Meeting with a client, he'll be back soon.

customer  buyer  purchaser  shopper  consumer

68

bilingual/baɪˈlɪŋgwəl/

دو زبانه مسلط به دو زبان

صفت

The Egyptian equivalents of six characters have been made out by the aid of bilingual cartouches.
According to the statistical returns there were 139 administrative sub-districts where only Czech was spoken and 95 speaking only German, as opposed to only five bilingual ones.

69

export/ekˈspɔːrt/

صادر کردن

فعل

There is an export trade in opium.
There is little export of the news with the only means of communication being local travelers.

sell abroad  sell overseas  market abroad  market overseas  send abroad

70

become/bɪˈkʌm/

شدن تبدیل شدن

فعل

It's the only way for him to become a vamp.
Read in order to become wise.

come to be  get to be  turn out to be  grow  get

71

in charge of/ɪn ʧɑrʤ ʌv/

مسئول

عبارت

responsible for  in control of  at the helm of  in the driving seat of  at the wheel of
managing

72

set up/sɛt ʌp/

بر پا کردن تاسیس کردن، آغاز کردن

فعل

system  structure  organization  arrangement  framework

73

excitement/ɪkˈsɑɪt.mənt/

هیجان

اسم

thrill  thrilling sensation  exciting sensation  adventure  treat
pleasure

74

colleague/ˈkɑlig/

همکار

اسم

The businessman wanted to be separated from his noisy colleague.
His colleague was Piet Joubert.

fellow worker  workmate  teammate  co-worker  associate

75

childhood/ˈtʃɑɪld.hʊd/

کودکی بچگی

اسم

Josh had been her childhood playmate.
Josh had left childhood behind long ago and this little frolic in the snow probably looked anything but innocent to him.

youth  early years  early days  early life  infancy

76

fumes/fjuːmz/

دود بخار، گاز

اسم

The gas fumes strongly in moist air, and it is rapidly dissolved by water, one volume of water at o° C. absorbing 503 volumes of the gas.
On the other hand, they may give off unhealthy fumes and produce unpleasant odours.

emit smoke  emit gas  smoke
reek
be furious  be enraged  be angry

77

import/ˈɪmpɔːrt/

وارد کردن

فعل

He worked well whatever the import of his work.
Since 1895, however, the heavy import corn duty has caused a slight rise in the income from corn lands.

buy from abroad  bring from abroad  bring in  buy in  ship in

78

reduction/rɪˈdʌk.ʃən/

کاهش

اسم

As prepared by the reduction of the oxide it is a grey powder.
The result is, on the one hand, a clearing away of much fantastic phylogeny, on the other, an enormous reduction of the supposed gaps between groups.

lessening  lowering  decrease  diminution  minimizing
depletion

79

close down/kloʊs daʊn/

تعطیل کردن (موقتی یا برای همیشه) تعطیل شدن

فعل

close  shut down  cease activity  cease production  cease operating

80

take over/teɪk ˈoʊvər/

تصاحب کردن کنترل چیزی را (به زور) به دست گرفتن

فعل

gaining of control  change of ownership  purchase  acquisition  buying
buyout

81

claim/kleɪm/

ادعا کردن مدعی شدن

فعل

They claim there's not enough evidence it's him.
She went to claim it.

assert  declare  profess  maintain  state

82

branch/bræntʃ/

شعبه

اسم

I've been studying culinary arts for a few years and recently decided to branch out on my own.
It's the closest city with a World Wide branch to Parkside.

bough  limb  arm  offshoot
tributary  feeder

83

friendliness/ˈfren.dli.nəs/

صمیمیت مساعدت

اسم

Then comes gentleness - the virtue regulative of anger; and the list is concluded by the excellences of social intercourse, friendliness (as a mean between obsequiousness and surliness), truthfulness and decorous wit.
The Njamusi are peaceful agriculturists who show marked friendliness to Europeans.

affability  amiability  geniality  congeniality  cordiality

84

contract/ˈkɑːntrækt/

قرارداد

اسم

Your contract goes on for years.
It may be created by contract, by statute or by judgment.

agreement  commitment  arrangement  settlement  undertaking

85

terrorism/ˈter.əˌrɪz.əm/

تروریسم ایجاد ترس و وحشت در مردم

اسم

No longer a tyrant of Ezzelinos stamp, he reigned by intelligence and terrorism masked beneath a smile.
The history of the agitation which culminated in the disorderly rising of 1863 is one of intrigue, secret agitation, and in the end of sheer terrorism by a secret society, which organized political assassination.

86

unthinkable/ʌnˈθɪŋkəbl/

غیرممکن غیرقابل تصور

صفت

Life without Princess Mary, little as he seemed to value her, was unthinkable to him.
(2) Time is infinite motion without a moment of rest and is unthinkable otherwise.

unimaginable  inconceivable  unbelievable  incredible  beyond belief

87

launch/lɔːntʃ/

به بازار معرفی کردن روانه بازار شدن

فعل

He'd gone still, like a panther about to launch itself.
When close to he was detected, but he had time to drive the steam launch over the baulks and to explode the torpedo against the "Albemarle" with such success that a hole was made in her and she sank.

set afloat  float
put to sea  put into the water  send down the slipway
send into orbit  put into orbit
blast off

88

wealthy/ˈwɛlθi/

ثروتمند پولدار، غنی

صفت

I think he's wealthy... his house is beautiful.
Is he as wealthy as you?

rich  affluent  moneyed  cash rich  well off

89

campaign/kæmˈpeɪn/

کمپین پویش، مبارزه

اسم

If I'm going to be your campaign manager, leave the business to me.
I'd better get my campaign manager cracking.

military operation  military operations  manoeuvre  manoeuvres
offensive  attack

90

monorail/ˈmɑːnoʊreɪl/

مونوریل راه‌آهن تک‌ریلی

اسم

of Kampala, and connected with it by monorail, is Kampala Port, on Victoria Nyanza.
A limited amount of wattage is carried through a length of a monorail, but more than one transformer can be installed to increase the power and allow a larger number of fixtures to be used.

91

employee/ɛmˈplɔɪi/

کارمند

اسم

The employee turned to her and waved her through.
Of the contribution one half is paid by the employer and the other by the employee, whose duty it is to see that the amount has been properly entered in the pension book.

worker  member of staff  member of the workforce
blue-collar worker  white-collar worker  workman

92

appeal/əˈpil/

جذابیت داشتن خوشایند بودن

فعل

No appeal of yours will work in his favor.
The United States has received from the Greek government an urgent appeal for financial and economic assistance.

ask earnestly  ask urgently  request earnestly  request urgently  make an earnest request

93

consumer/kənˈsuːmər/

مصرف‌کننده

اسم

There was a rising worldwide consumption of consumer goods.
The gas is distributed to the consumer from the wells in wrought-iron pipes, ranging in diameter from 20 in.

purchaser  buyer  customer  shopper
user  end user
client

94

governance/ˈɡʌvərnəns/

حکمرانی حکومت

اسم

The strong governance set up by Henry II.
Gomme, The Governance of London.

95

chain/tʃeɪn/

زنجیره

اسم

That's the real chain of events.
That was one chain of events.

fetters  shackles  bonds  irons  leg irons

96

management/ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

مدیریت

اسم

This left the management of the business to the other three.
Jonathan had band practice with his friends and Alex was in his recliner, reading a letter from a wildlife management area in Colorado.

administration  running  managing  organization
charge  care

97

ugliness/ˈʌɡlinəs/

زشتی

اسم

He was remarkable for ugliness, and was an object of aversion to his parents.
Its ugliness was emphasized by the old felt hat which he wore, - its sole ornament the leaden figure of a saint.

98

airbrush/ˈerbrʌʃ/

با قلم بادی نقاشی کشیدن

فعل

Do I have to use an airbrush to apply make-up for HD?
airbrush art can be found here.

99

headquarters/ˈhɛdˌkwɔrtərz/

اداره کل اداره‌ی مرکزی، ستاد، مرکز فرماندهی

اسم

"The master is not in, he's gone to headquarters," said Telyanin's orderly.
After showering and dressing, he wrote a short note explaining he would be at police headquarters until midmorning and slipped it under her door.

head office  main office  HQ  base  nerve centre

100

celebrity/səˈlɛbrɪti/

آدم مشهور سلبریتی

اسم

The mineral springs of Baden are very numerous and have acquired great celebrity, those of Baden-Baden, Badenweiler, Antogast, Griesbach, Freiersbach and Petersthal being the most frequented.
His chief celebrity, however, is founded upon the consummate ability with which he discharged the civil duties of his office.

fame  prominence  renown  eminence  pre-eminence

101

government/ˈgʌvərmənt/

دولت دولتی

اسم

We have no control over what the government does.
Government is a great achievement of civilization.

administration  executive  regime  authority  powers that be

102

under/ˈʌn.dər/

تحت رهبری تحت کنترل

حرف اضافه

Then the horse bunched up under him.
She limped after him, muttering under her breath.

beneath  below  underneath  at the bottom of  at the foot of
less than

103

product/ˈprɑːdʌkt/

محصول کالا، جنس

اسم

artefact  commodity  manufactured article  manufactured item  manufactured thing
creation

104

drop/drɑːp/

کاهش یافتن سقوط کردن

فعل

Can you just drop me off near the mall?
"We'll drop you in first," Dusty said.

let fall  let go  let go of  fail to hold  lose one's grip on
release

105

weakness/ˈwiːk.nəs/

ضعف نقص، سستی

اسم

The memory of her weakness for him was all too fresh.
At the first sight of weakness, her cause would be lost.

frailty  feebleness  enfeeblement  puniness  fragility

106

jingle/ˈʤɪŋgəl/

جرینگ جرینگ صدا دادن صدای جرینگ جرینگ تولید کردن

فعل

He heard the pennies jingle in his pocket.
The quiet jingle of metal fetters and distant voices greeted her ears.

clink  chink  tinkle  jangle  rattle
tinkle

107

multinational/ˌmʌlˌtaɪˈnæʃənəl/

چند ملیتی

صفت

More and more companies have become multinational and have spread their manufacturing facilities across the globe.
Dell is a multinational company that is best known for selling home computers and laptops.

108

ignorance/ˈɪgnərəns/

جهالت نادانی، جهل، بی‌اطلاعی

اسم

So isn't it just possible that it could end ignorance, disease, poverty, hunger, and war?
At the same time their ignorance was profound.

incomprehension  unawareness  unconsciousness  inexperience  innocence
unfamiliarity with

109

leader/ˈliːdər/

رهبر

اسم

A good leader makes a good team the best, as my father says.
He is not a leader, but a follower.

chief  head  principal  boss
commander  captain
figurehead

110

slogan/ˈsloʊɡən/

شعار

اسم

The slogan of the team is, "Stand fast. No matter what!"
The cruise line's distinctive slogan "A million ways to have fun" carries over to its ships, which are called Fun Ships to get each voyage into the right spirit from the moment of embarkation.

catchphrase  catchline  catchword  jingle  saying

111

improvement/ɪmˈpruːv.mənt/

بهبود پیشرفت

اسم

He recognized that considerable improvement had already taken place.
I see an improvement in Helen day to day, almost from hour to hour.

advance  development  upgrade  change for the better  refinement

112

overcrowded/ˌoʊvərˈkraʊdɪd/

پر ازدحام (بیش از حد) پرجمعیت

صفت

The effect upon the overcrowded population of the city was terrible.
it meant the ruin of the landed class, it tended co spoil the moral of those who from the walls of Athens annually watched the wasting of their homesteads, and it involved the many perils of an overcrowded city - a peril increased by, if not also the cause of, the plague.

overfull  overflowing  full to bursting  full to overflowing  crammed full

113

drinkable/ˈdrɪŋkəbl/

آشامیدنی قابل آشامیدن

صفت

In the northern section, which receives the copious volumes brought down by the Volga, Ural and Terek, the salinity is so slight (only 0.0075% in the surface layers) that the water is quite drinkable, its specific gravity being not higher than 1.0016.
Although drinkable, the water of the lake seems at times at least to be very slightly brackish, and it was supposed by some that no outlet existed until, in 1874, Lieutenant Cameron showed that the surplus water was discharged towards the upper Congo by the Lukuga river, about the middle of the west coast.

fit to drink  potable  palatable
pure  fresh  clean

114

endorse/ɪnˈdɔːrs/

تایید کردن حمایت کردن

فعل

Henceforth its sole effective function was to endorse and promulgate the decrees of the government of Vienna.
LoveToKnow Corp. has not attempted to verify the truth or accuracy of any such opinion, claim or comment, nor does LoveToKnow Corp. endorse or support them.

support  back  approve  approve of  be in agreement with

115

intention/ɪnˈten.ʃən/

قصد نیت

اسم

She had no intention of staying here.
If that was his intention, it sure worked.

aim  purpose  intent  objective  object

116

airbrush/ˈerbrʌʃ/

قلم بادی ایربراش

اسم

Do I have to use an airbrush to apply make-up for HD?
airbrush art can be found here.



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