درس 7


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

wood floor/wʊd flɔr/

کف چوبی کفپوش چوبی

اسم

2

information technology/ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤi/

فناوری اطلاعات

اسم

3

modern/ˈmɑːdərn/

مدرن معاصر

صفت

present-day  contemporary  present-time  present  current

4

suspend/səˈspend/

معلق کردن (موقتا) اخراج کردن، به حالت تعلیق درآوردن

فعل

The burgomaster has the power to suspend any of the council's decrees for 30 days.
In October he was ordered by Charles to suspend the etcetera oath.

adjourn  interrupt  break off  postpone  delay

5

twelfth/twelfθ/

دوازدهم دوازدهمین

صفت

The Twelfth Army is on its way back from Europe.
The Twelfth Army settled into Arkansas about a week ago.

6

private school/ˈpraɪvət skuːl/

مدرسه غیرانتفاعی مدرسه خصوصی، مدرسه غیردولتی

اسم

7

literature/ˈlɪt̬.ə.rə.tʃər/

ادبیات

اسم

Waller edited the Cambridge History of English Literature (1907, &c.).
In a state of deep depression, she stopped by the social services office on the way home and picked up some literature and a form.

written works  writings  writing  creative writing  literary texts

8

cheat/ʧit/

تقلب کردن

فعل

I love Cynthia and I don't want to cheat on her.
Count out the money and don't cheat like the last time.

swindle  defraud  deceive  trick  dupe

9

city/ˈsɪt̬.i/

شهر

اسم

You should have called the city cops.
The three-story building looked big enough to cover a city block.

town  municipality  metropolis  megalopolis
conurbation  urban area

10

grade/greɪd/

کلاس مقطع تحصیلی

اسم

I don't know how you keep such a high grade average.
That jug is grade double A light.

category  class  classification  grouping  group

11

boarding school/ˈbɔːrdɪŋ skuːl/

مدرسه شبانه روزی

اسم

12

required/riˈkwaɪərd/

ضروری لازم، الزامی

صفت

Quinn was required to pick up extra classes when an older professor passed away suddenly.
Alex and Jonathan had a relationship that required few words.

essential  vital  indispensable  necessary  needed

13

house/hɑʊs/

خانه

اسم

Come to the house with me.
Living in that house and using the pool would be like a summer vacation, not a job.

home  place of residence  homestead  lodging place  a roof over one's head
habitation

14

overlook/ˈoʊvərˌlʊk/

چشم انداز داشتن منظره داشتن

فعل

Someone was building a log house so close that they could overlook her farm.
He chose to overlook the idea of his nishani cursing like a man at battle.

miss  fail to notice  fail to observe  fail to spot  fail to see

15

biology/bɑɪˈɑl.ə.dʒi/

زیست شناسی

اسم

You need to have a basic understanding of how things work in biology.
The optical properties of sea-water are of immediate importance in biology, as they affect the penetration of sunlight into the depths.

16

math/mæθ/

ریاضی ریاضیات (جمع)

اسم

The math works the same over time.
Indeed its founder, Ramananda, who probably flourished in the latter part of the 14th century, according to the traditional account, was originally a SriVaishnava monk, and, having come under the suspicion of laxity in observing the strict rules of food during his peregrinations, and been ordered by his superior (Mahant) to take his meals apart from his brethren, left the monastery in a huff and set up a schismatic math of his own at Benares.

17

fail/feɪl/

رد شدن (در امتحان) افتادن

فعل

I won't fail again, Dusty, I promise.
You didn't fail me.

be unsuccessful  not succeed  lack success  fall through  fall flat

18

sofa/ˈsoʊ.fə/

مبل راحتی کاناپه

اسم

I made myself comfortable on the sofa, my arm around Betsy, as we all waited for him to continue.
My smile disappeared when I saw Howard Abbott on the sofa, his head in his hands.

settee  couch  divan  chaise longue  love seat

19

chemistry/ˈkem.ə.stri/

شیمی خواص شیمیایی

اسم

I think it's something about my body chemistry that they don't like.
The transformations of these two forms are discussed in Chemistry: Physical.

20

physics/ˈfɪz.ɪks/

فیزیک

اسم

His whole theory appears to be vitiated by the confusion of physics and psychology.
This makes a great deal of sense: If nutrition isn't governed by universal laws (as physics is) and instead affects different people differently, then the way you will know certain things is by learning through trial and error, through your own experience.

21

washing machine/ˈwɑʃ.ɪŋ.məˌʃiːn/

ماشین لباسشویی

اسم

22

pupil/ˈpjuːpl/

دانش آموز شاگرد

اسم

Please tell your little pupil many things when you have much time.
by two naturalists, Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Solander, a pupil of Linnaeus, as well as by two astronomers.

student  schoolchild  schoolboy  schoolgirl  scholar
disciple

23

pass/pæs/

(با موفقیت) گذراندن قبول شدن، پاس کردن

فعل

The doctors were of use to Natasha because they kissed and rubbed her bump, assuring her that it would soon pass if only the coachman went to the chemist's in the Arbat and got a powder and some pills in a pretty box for a ruble and seventy kopeks, and if she took those powders in boiled water at intervals of precisely two hours, neither more nor less.
The next one to pass her did as well.

go  proceed  move  progress  make one's way

24

graduate/ˈgrædʒ.u.ət/

فارغ‌التحصیل شدن فارغ‌التحصیل کردن

فعل

I graduate next month, so I'll let her know with an invitation.
I did graduate, though.

degree holder  person with a degree
Bachelor of Arts  BA  Bachelor of Science  BSc

25

forbidden/fərˈbɪd.ən/

ممنوع

صفت

There are many things I'm forbidden from telling you.
You're forbidden from entering, Rhyn.

prohibited  banned  debarred  vetoed  proscribed

26

patio/ˈpætioʊ/

پاسیو حیاط خلوت

اسم

The patio is this way.
The master bedroom had wooden patio doors that opened on a balcony facing east.

terrace  courtyard  veranda  loggia  court

27

remain/rɪˈmeɪn/

ماندن

فعل

One would argue that energy costs will remain high.
All this time he had to remain strong for his mother.

continue to exist  endure  last  abide  go on

28

graduate/ˈgrædʒ.u.ət/

فارغ‌التحصیل دانش‌آموخته

اسم

I graduate next month, so I'll let her know with an invitation.
I did graduate, though.

degree holder  person with a degree
Bachelor of Arts  BA  Bachelor of Science  BSc

29

secondary school/ˈsek.ən.der.iˌskuːl/

دبیرستان مدرسه متوسطه

اسم

30

lamp/læmp/

چراغ آباژور

اسم

31

outstanding/ɑʊtˈstæn.dɪŋ/

عالی برجسته

صفت

Their list of outstanding collections was growing smaller.
There is no outstanding debt.

excellent  marvellous  magnificent  superb  fine

32

learn/lɜːrn/

یاد گرفتن آموختن

فعل

I have to learn to control myself.
You need to learn a few more things on your own.

acquire a knowledge of  gain an understanding of  acquire skill in  become competent in  become proficient in

33

prodigy/ˈprɑːdədʒi/

(کودک یا نوجوان) نابغه اعجوبه

اسم

Laud was a prodigy of parts and learning over whose tomb Art and Genius still continued to weep. Hampden deserved no more honourable name than that of the "zealot of rebellion."
She lives with her son Wesley Crusher, a young prodigy who serves, first unofficially and then officially, as a crewman as well.

child genius  genius  wonder child  mastermind  virtuoso
wunderkind
whizz-kid

34

term/tɜrm/

دوره نیمسال، ترم

اسم

Praying she hadn't missed some term of the deal, she waited for his reaction.
I'm sure there's a Latin term for it.

word  expression  phrase  turn of phrase  idiom

35

settle/ˈsɛtəl/

سکنی گزیدن اقامت کردن، ساکن شدن

فعل

She'd need that time to settle her business and pack her things.
There was one way to settle the matter.

resolve  sort out  reach an agreement about  find a solution to  find an answer to

36

spacious/ˈspeɪ.ʃəs/

جادار وسیع، بزرگ

صفت

This is a lovely home, so spacious and nicely decorated.
Xander watched them both as they sat across from him in the spacious living area.

roomy  commodious  capacious  palatial  airy

37

determined/dɪˈtɝmɪnd/

مصمم قاطع

صفت

Elihu Burritt was a poor boy who was determined to learn.
He's determined to keep me.

intent on  bent on  set on  dead set on  insistent on

38

high school/ˈhɑɪ.skuːl/

دبیرستان

اسم

39

plain/pleɪn/

ساده

صفت

I'm glad we were out in plain sight!
Her room was plain and basic.

obvious  clear  crystal clear  as clear as crystal  evident

40

country/ˈkʌn.tri/

روستا

اسم

The country was wild and beautiful.
His birth father already suspected she was a country bumpkin.

state  nation  sovereign state  kingdom  realm

41

elementary school/ˌɛləˈmɛntri skul/

دبستان مدرسه ابتدایی

اسم

42

living room/ˈlɪv.ɪŋˌrʊm/

اتاق نشیمن هال

اسم

sitting room  lounge  parlour  front room  drawing room

43

outskirts/ˈɑʊt.skɜrts/

حومه

اسم

The tomb of Jahangir is situated in the _gardens of Shandera on the outskirts of Lahore.
On the outskirts there is a hot chalybeate spring.

outlying districts  edges  fringes  suburbs  suburbia
purlieus

44

college/ˈkɑl.ɪdʒ/

کالج دانشکده

اسم

She'll be going to college next month.
I would never stop you from going to college or doing anything else you wanted to do.

educational institution  training establishment  centre of learning  seat of learning
school  academy

45

public school/ˌpʌblɪk ˈskuːl/

مدرسه دولتی

اسم

46

kitchen/ˈkɪtʃ.ən/

آشپزخانه

اسم

He also brought a bottle of kvass, taken from the kitchen for them to try.
I'll be in the kitchen... when you get decent.

cooking area  kitchenette  kitchen-diner  galley  cookhouse

47

study/ˈstʌd.i/

درس خواندن مطالعه کردن، آموختن، آموزش دیدن

فعل

I guess I should stay here and study as well, but...
I study about the earth, and the animals, and I like arithmetic exceedingly.

learning  education  schooling  work  academic work

48

West Coast/ˌwest ˈkoʊst/

ساحل غربی ساحل اقیانوس آرام

اسم

49

elementary/ˌel.əˈmen.tər.i/

ابتدایی

صفت

The elementary education of the convicts' children is compulsory.
There are words for the elementary numbers, one, two, three; but " four " is usually expressed by " two-two."

basic  rudimentary  fundamental  basal
primary  preparatory

50

light/lɑɪt/

نورگیر (اتاق)

صفت

She handed him a light blue shirt.
He flipped on the light and Lisa turned to get some coffee cups.

illumination  brightness  luminescence  luminosity  shining

51

walkway/ˈwɔːkweɪ/

دالان گذر، راه

اسم

Megan stepped off the verandah onto a walkway that led through the garden.
The cool rain felt good against his hot skin, and he stood in the dark walkway between the gym and the house, soothed by the storm.

52

floor/flɔːr/

طبقه

اسم

The floor was cold.
The floor creaked as she chose the one on the right.

ground  flooring
storey  level  tier  deck
piano nobile

53

prestigious/preˈstɪdʒəs/

آبرومند معتبر، بلندآوازه

صفت

The dinner reception is going to have a prestigious speaker present during the meal.
The prestigious honor society only sent invitations to students with very impressive grades.

reputable  distinguished  respected  esteemed  estimable

54

top floor/tɑp flɔr/

طبقه بالا بالاترین طبقه

اسم

55

suburb/ˈsʌb.ɜrb/

حومه

اسم

There is a suburb on the right bank of the stream.
To the north lies the populous suburb of St Mary Church.

outlying district  residential area  dormitory area  dormitory town  commuter belt

56

controversy/ˈkɑntrəˌvɜrsi/

مشاجره بحث، مشاجره، جدل

اسم

He had been placed in the center of a controversy he couldn't resolve.
The New Testament reflects a controversy.

disagreement  dispute  argument  debate  dissension

57

gate/geɪt/

دروازه در آهنی، در حیاط

اسم

He opened the gate for her and she went straight to his waiting arms.
She opened the gate and stepped through.

barrier  wicket  wicket gate  lychgate  five-barred gate

58

chimney/ˈtʃɪm.ni/

دودکش

اسم

Such an unlikely spot for a home site, and yet, the remains of a chimney gave indisputable proof that one had existed at some point.
The Chimney Section Grate Drying space for Slurry Plan FIG.

stack, smokestack
flue, shaft, funnel, vent
lum
femerell

59

roof/ruːf/

سقف

اسم

He tapped the roof of his truck with his fingernails.
It would take a lot of money to repair the roof and erase the water damage.

60

take/teɪk/

(امتحان) دادن

فعل

I can take care of myself.
We'll take care of them together.

lay hold of  take hold of  get hold of  get into one's hands
grasp  grip

61

balcony/ˈbæl.kə.ni/

بالکن تراس، ایوان

اسم

He stood by the balcony door looking at the crowd.
The master bedroom had wooden patio doors that opened on a balcony facing east.

62

deck/dek/

ایوان بالکن

اسم

Deidre wanted to deck him again.
Every day the people went upon deck to look out for land.

decorate  bedeck  adorn  ornament  trim

63

step/step/

پله

اسم

Step this way, please.
The men looked at him and pressed to the bank, hesitating to step onto the ice.

pace  footstep  stride
footstep  footfall  tread

64

push/pʊʃ/

وادار کردن فشار آوردن

فعل

You were trying to push me off the bed.
Furious and terrified, Katie planted both her hands on his arm to push it away with no success.

shove  thrust  propel  impel
send  press

65

apartment building/əˈpɑrt.mənt ˌbɪl.dɪŋ/

مجتع مسکونی مجتمع آپارتمانی

اسم

66

village/ˈvɪləʤ/

روستا دهکده، ده

اسم

Away they went through the village street and out upon the country road.
The settlements of Lower Saginaw and Portsmouth were made in 1837, and were later united to form Bay City, which was incorporated as a village in 1859, and chartered as a city in 1865.

67

educate/ˈɛʤəˌkeɪt/

آموزش دادن تعلیم دادن، آگاهی دادن

فعل

Children will educate themselves under right conditions.
He constantly sought to educate his own people.

teach  school  tutor  instruct  coach

68

resent/rɪˈzɛnt/

آزرده‌خاطر شدن ناراحت شدن

فعل

Did he resent everything he was pushed into?
Maybe she would even begin to resent him for it.

begrudge  feel aggrieved about  feel aggrieved at  feel bitter about  grudge

69

town/tɑʊn/

شهر (کوچک)

اسم

Meet us in town this afternoon.
I'll be back in town Friday.

urban area  conurbation  municipality  borough  township

70

university/ˌjuː.nɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/

دانشگاه

اسم

college  academy  educational establishment  educational institution  institute

71

bookcase/ˈbʊk.keɪs/

قفسه کتاب

اسم

A bookcase containing a dozen baseball trophies highlighted the far wall of the small room.
A Chesterfield bookcase with sliding wooden doors and a gorgeous Kingston hall tree bench are also pieces suited to easily matching function with many different styles.

72

wall/wɔːl/

دیوار

اسم

The keys hung on the wall beside the door.
She leaned her head against the shower wall, exhausted.

barrier  partition  room divider  enclosure  screen

73

basement/ˈbeɪs.mənt/

زیرزمین

اسم

The basement contained a sealed room that we soundproofed.
He turned toward the basement stairs and we all followed.

cellar  vault  crypt  undercroft  underground room

74

bring up/brɪŋ ʌp/

تربیت کردن بزرگ کردن

فعل

75

head teacher/ˌhed ˈtiːtʃər/

مدیر مدرسه

اسم

headmaster  headmistress  head  principal  director

76

take up/teɪk ʌp/

کاری (ورزش و ...) را شروع کردن

فعل

77

property/ˈprɑpərti/

دارایی ملک، مایملک

اسم

Martha inherited the property from her grandfather.
Property ownership certainly had its problems.

possessions  belongings  things  goods  worldly goods

78

behave/bəˈheɪv/

مودب بودن درست رفتار کردن

فعل

I will teach you afresh, unless you behave better.
Resolved to behave as naturally as she could, she stripped and turned up the shower as hot as she could tolerate.

act correctly  act properly  conduct oneself well  act in a polite way  show good manners

79

log/lɔg/

کنده (درخت) هیزم

اسم

The log stays with the car.
His new log home was nice, but not extravagant.

chunk of wood  branch  tree trunk  bole  stump
block of wood

80

geography/dʒiːˈɑg.rə.fi/

جغرافیا جغرافی

اسم

The geography of Northern Italy is described in several popular guide books.
From his sixth to his ninth year he was given over to the care of learned foreigners, who taught him history, geography, mathematics and French.

81

nursery school/ˈnɜːrsəri skuːl/

مهد کودک پیش دبستانی

اسم

82

religious school/rɪˈlɪʤəs skul/

مدرسه مذهبی حوزه علمیه

اسم

83

entrance/ˈen.trəns/

ورودی

اسم

We have a pretty close time frame of entrance and exit.
It was the sunlight streaming in at the entrance to the passage.

entry  way in  means of access  means of entry  ingress

84

tower/ˈtɑʊ.ər/

برج

اسم

The tower stood complete in every part.
The tower was in pieces, the building at its base a gaping crater.

steeple  spire
column  pillar  obelisk
soar  rise

85

bedroom/ˈbed.rʊm/

اتاق خواب

اسم

She retreated to her bedroom to grab her purse.
I scooted into the bedroom and closed the door.

86

punish/ˈpʌn.ɪʃ/

تنبیه کردن مجازات کردن

فعل

I can neither punish him if he does wrong nor reward him if he does right.
We must punish the villain who has caused the ruin of Moscow.

penalize  discipline  mete out punishment to  bring someone to book  teach someone a lesson

87

ceiling/ˈsiː.lɪŋ/

سقف (درونی)

اسم

The ceiling began to crumble.
The walls and ceiling glittered with gold and precious gems.

roof  vault  vaulting
plafond
upper limit  maximum  limitation

88

primary school/ˈpraɪmeri skuːl/

دبستان مدرسه ابتدایی

اسم

89

history/ˈhɪs.tə.ri/

تاریخ تاریخچه

اسم

Is there some history I should know about?
I can think of a thousand scenes and places in history I'd visit!

the past  former times  historical events  days of old  the old days

90

turn into/tɜrn ˈɪntu/

تبدیل شدن

فعل

91

semester/səˈmes.tər/

نیمسال ترم

اسم

He'll go back to school in September, but miss the spring semester, and not graduate.
- In Homer the Leleges are allies of the Trojans, but they do not occur in the formal catalogue in Iliad, The number of women attending the university as students in any semester is limited by the founding grant to 500.

92

fireplace/ˈfaɪərˌpleɪs/

شومینه

اسم

There is a fireplace in the living room, with a cozy rocker next to it.
Even under the most advantageous application, that of evaporation of water in a steam boiler where the gases of the fire have to travel through a great length of flues bounded by thin iron surfaces of great heat-absorbing capacity, the temperature of the current at the chimney is generally much above that required to maintain an active draught in the fireplace; and other tubes containing water, often in considerable numbers, forming the so-called fuel economizers, may often be interposed between the boiler and the chimney with marked advantage as regards saving of fuel.

93

kindergarten/ˈkɪndərɡɑːrtn/

مهدکودک پیش‌دبستانی

اسم

No machine will ever be a kindergarten teacher.
He is very happy indeed at the kindergarten, and is learning something every day.

94

first floor/ˌfɜːrst ˈflɔːr/

طبقه همکف (آمریکا) طبقه اول (انگلیس)

اسم

95

preschool/ˈpriːskuːl/

پیش‌دبستانی مهدکودک

اسم

Are you in preschool yet?
They're having a spring festival at the preschool and I'm taking the boys.

96

cozy/ˈkoʊ.zi/

دنج گرم و نرم

صفت

The night was cold and she was cozy in the bed.
It was all so cozy and romantic.

snug  comfortable  warm  restful  home-like

97

hang/hæŋ/

آویزان کردن آویزان بودن، آویزان شدن

فعل

All he can do is hang up.
Hang a bell to the Cat's neck.

be suspended  hang down  be pendent  dangle  swing



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