درس 8


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

condition/kənˈdɪʃn/

بیماری عارضه، وضعیت

اسم

You're in no condition to run around town.
Do you know the condition I am in?

state  shape  order
nick
circumstances  surroundings
environment  situation

2

organize/ˈɔːr.gəˌnɑɪz/

مرتب کردن

فعل

She staved off panic and tried to organize her thoughts.
He sat, and the store employees made an attempt to organize a line for the customers.

put in order  order  arrange  sort  sort out

3

poison/ˈpɔɪ.zən/

سم

اسم

Jonny was safe, even if she hadn't been able to wipe away all traces of the poison in his blood.
Its words are poison but its magic protects my city.

toxin  venom
bane
toxicant
malice  maliciousness  ill will  hate

4

blame/bleɪm/

مقصر شناختن مقصر دانستن

فعل

I can't really blame him.
You can't blame yourself for your father's death.

hold responsible  hold accountable  hold liable  lay the blame on  place the blame on
censure

5

with all due respect/wɪð ɔl du rɪˈspɛkt/

با کمال احترام

عبارت

6

penicillin/ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/

پنی‌سیلین

اسم

Most side effects of penicillin cannot be prevented.
Penicillins are sometimes combined with other ingredients called beta-lactamase inhibitors, which protect the penicillin from bacterial enzymes that may destroy it before it can do its work.

7

write down/raɪt daʊn/

یادداشت کردن نوشتن

فعل

8

widespread/ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd/

متداول شایع، گسترده، همه‌گیر

صفت

The widespread interest taken in Louis XVII.
The cultivation of olives is widespread in the districts of Sassari, Bosa, Iglesias, Alghero and the Gallura.

general  extensive  universal  common  global

9

past/pæst/

گذشته (زمان)

اسم

They had to move forward, and leave the past behind them.
He brushed past her.

gone by  over  over and done with  no more  gone

10

require/rɪˈkwaɪər/

نیاز داشتن ملزم بودن

فعل

need  be in need of  stand in need of  have need of
be crying out for
necessitate  demand

11

low-tech/loʊ-tɛk/

(با) فناوری سطح پایین ابتدایی، ساده

صفت

agglomerated industries in the UK are predominantly low-tech.
I've said repeatedly that terrorists are by definition low-tech brutes.

12

get in shape/gɛt ɪn ʃeɪp/

روی فرم آمدن (بدن) به تناسب اندام رسیدن

فعل

13

spray/spreɪ/

افشاندن اسپری کردن

فعل

She dodged the spray of water.
He only glimpsed it before it disappeared in a spray of dust.

shower  sprinkling  sprinkle  spritz  jet

14

half price/ˌhæfˈpraɪs/

نصف قیمت

قید

15

agent/ˈeɪdʒənt/

مامور عامل

اسم

The agent followed her.
The agent scurried away and Denton immediately turned on her.

representative  negotiator  business manager  emissary  envoy

16

pack/pæk/

جمع کردن (وسایل) بسته‌بندی کردن

فعل

Later she helped him pack his things in the car.
Pierre, pack your things.

packet  container  package  box  crate

17

label/ˈleɪbl/

مارک برچسب

اسم

You label it SOUR, and he adopts your symbol.
It was as Martha described—green, with the familiar Lucky Strike label in red at the center.

tag  ticket  tab  sticker  marker

18

revolutionary/ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃəˌner.i/

تحول‎آور بنیادین و اساسی

صفت

When the Revolutionary War began he was one of the first to hurry to Boston to help the people defend themselves against the British soldiers.
His hatred of revolutionary principles was fanatical.

rebellious  rebel  insurgent  rioting  mutinous

19

result/rɪˈzʌlt/

موجب شدن باعث شدن

فعل

We do know as a result of earlier tests EA, as we call it, is also part of the lure.
I did not know at first but it was the result of a wise policy.

consequence  outcome  upshot  out-turn  sequel

20

nevertheless/ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs/

با این حال با این همه، با این وجود

قید

In New South Wales and Queensland there were still a large number of persons opposed to the measure, which was nevertheless carried in both colonies.
Nevertheless, we will not forget that some Egyptian wheat was handed down to us by a mummy.

in spite of everything  in spite of that  nonetheless  even so  however

21

drug/drʌg/

دارو

اسم

Would he try to drug them as he had Elisabeth?
When there's a major drug buy, nobody trusts anyone else—especially face to face.

medicine  medical drug  medication  medicament
remedy  cure

22

immune system/ɪmˈjun ˈsɪstəm/

سیستم ایمنی (زیست شناسی)

اسم

23

bargain/ˈbɑr.gən/

خرید ارزان چانه زنی (سر قیمت)، ارزان

اسم

Neither was willing to bargain with me for your life.
Our bargain is over.

agreement  arrangement  understanding  deal
contract  pact

24

sports car/spɔrts kɑr/

خودروی اسپورت (معمولا کروکی)

اسم

25

tetracycline/ˌtɛtrəˈsaɪkliːn/

تتراسایکلین [نوعی آنتی‌بیوتیک]

اسم

tetracycline eye ointment used twice a day for six weeks, gets rid of the infection.
Birth control pills that contain estrogen may not be as effective while you are taking tetracycline drugs.

26

AIDS/eɪdz/

(بیماری) ایدز سندرم نقص ایمنی اکتسابی

اسم

This provision was omitted from Magna Carta, except so far as it related to aids from the citizens of London.
Sand bars keep filling up the mouths of these channels, necessitating frequent dredging and extension of the breakwaters, work undertaken by the Federal government, which also maintains a most comprehensive and completeystem of aids to navigation, including lighthouses and lightships, fog alarms, gas and other buoys, life-saving, storm signal and weather report stations.

27

mosquito net/məˈskitoʊ nɛt/

پشه‌بند

اسم

28

unable/əˈneɪbəl/

ناتوان [عدم توانایی]، نتوانستن

صفت

She fluffed the pillow and changed position, unable to sleep.
We both looked at her intently, unable to respond.

not able  powerless  impotent  not equal to  not up to

29

expose/ɪkˈspoʊz/

در معرض (چیزی) گذاشتن در معرض (چیزی) قرار گرفتن

فعل

She tucked the spot into her jeans, trying not to expose her tears.
Elisabeth turned her head to expose her neck.

reveal  uncover  lay bare  bare  leave unprotected
make vulnerable

30

take care/teɪk kɛr/

مواظبت کردن (از کسی یا چیزی) مراقبت کردن، نگه‌داری

فعل

31

high-end/ˌhaɪ ˈend/

گران و شیک گران‌ترین

صفت

bitmap fonts intended for use on high-end displays with a resolution of over 120 dpi.
One day could be a high end designer label catwalk show and the next a huge mass market brand.

32

eventually/əˈven.tʃu.əl.i/

در نهایت بالاخره

قید

Eventually they stopped their chatter and fell silent.
Somehow, both of us eventually slept.

in the end  in due course  by and by  in time  after some time

33

death/deθ/

مرگ فوت، مرگ و میر

اسم

I was scared to death I couldn't... get back!
Some things are meant to be, and death is natural for humans.

demise  dying  end  passing  passing away

34

novel/ˈnɑvəl/

نو نوین، جدید

صفت

Sounds like a dime novel, doesn't it?
Her first independent novel, Indiana, was written.

book  paperback  hardback
story  tale  narrative

35

caution/ˈkɔːʃn/

احتیاط

اسم

care  carefulness  wariness  awareness  heedfulness

36

repellent/rɪˈpɛlənt/

منزجر کننده مشمئز کننده

صفت

If experience develops incompatibility of temper or some other mutually repellent characteristic, separation follows as a matter of course.
If the worship of Siva, despite the purport of his chief symbol, seems on the whole less liable to produce these undesirable effects than that of the rival deity, it is doubt- less due partly to the real nature of that emblem being little realized by the common people, and partly to the somewhat repellent character of the "great god," more favourable to evoking feelings of awe and terror than a spirit of fervid devotion.

revolting  repulsive  disgusting  repugnant  sickening

37

wacky/ˈwæki/

غیرعادی عجیب و غریب، احمقانه (و خنده‌دار)

صفت

She kept telling herself she'd wake up from this wacky dream soon.
Often we're in wacky places, places like the house where I grew up or schools I attended when I was a kid.

zany  madcap  offbeat  quirky  outlandish

38

resistant/rɪˈzɪstənt/

مقاوم

صفت

impervious to  proof against  unaffected by  repellent of
unsusceptible to  immune to

39

statistics/stəˈtɪstɪks/

آمار داده‌های آماری

اسم

The most recent statistics show the disease to be diminishing.
The following table is from the statistics of Professor H.

40

cold/koʊld/

سرماخوردگی

اسم

Let's get in out of this cold wind.
She felt as though a cold hand grasped her stomach and squeezed hard.

chilly  cool  freezing  icy  snowy

41

raise/reɪz/

بزرگ کردن

فعل

I can raise the baby...
It looks like a fine place to raise children.

lift  lift up  raise aloft  elevate
uplift  upraise

42

hang/hæŋ/

آویزان کردن آویزان بودن، آویزان شدن

فعل

All he can do is hang up.
Hang a bell to the Cat's neck.

be suspended  hang down  be pendent  dangle  swing

43

unique/juˈnik/

منحصر به فرد یگانه، یکتا

صفت

His paintings were so unique as to require no signature for identification.
Some humans are born with unique, supernatural talents.

distinctive  individual  special  especial  idiosyncratic

44

hole/hoʊl/

سوراخ چاله، گودال

اسم

"How big is this hole?" asked Dorothy.
The opening to the cave was only a narrow hole between two rocks.

opening  aperture  gap  space  orifice

45

useless/ˈjuː.sləs/

بیهوده به درد نخور

صفت

As strong as he was, it would be useless to resist.
The symbols were useless to him.

futile  pointless  purposeless  impractical  vain

46

fortunately/ˈfɔːr.tʃə.nət.li/

خوشبختانه

قید

Fortunately, breakfast was nothing like she imagined.
Fortunately, Gerald and Sam had escaped.

luckily  happily  providentially  opportunely  by good luck

47

mass-produce/mæs-ˈproʊdus/

به میزان انبوه تولید کردن

فعل

Puppy mills mass produce puppies for profit.
The business was successful and Yamauchi eventually expanded to mass-produce the products.

48

regularly/ˈreg.jə.lər.li/

غالبا مرتبا

قید

The streets in the modern town are regularly laid out; several are arcaded on both sides.
The city is laid out regularly on a high, undulating prairie.

49

fuel/ˈfjuː.əl/

سوخت

اسم

The fuel used is fir-wood.
Ample mention was made of alcohol as the fuel for the engine of lust.

power source  heat source  combustible  propellant
nourishment  sustenance

50

microorganism/ˌmaɪkroʊˈɔrgəˌnɪzəm/

ریزاندامگان میکروب، میکروارگانیسم

اسم

The microorganism which causes the disease of bitterness (amer) forms longish branched filaments in the wine.
It is caused by a microorganism termed Mycoderma aceti, which occurs in wine in small groups and chaplets of round cells.

51

hepatitis/ˌhɛpəˈtaɪtəs/

هپاتیت التهاب کبد

اسم

The 1990s brought us a hepatitis A vaccine and artificial muscles.
,:The commonest causes of this chronic hepatitis are alcoholism and syphilis.

52

no longer/noʊ ˈlɔŋgər/

دیگر (نه)

قید

53

variety/vəˈraɪəti/

نوع گونه، مدل

اسم

We drove another mile before spotting a corner variety store.
We have a few kinds of prepackaged sandwich meats, but there's a better variety at the counter.

diversity  variation  diversification  multifariousness  heterogeneity

54

miss/mɪs/

نرفتن

فعل

Miss Clara chuckled like a mother hen.
"I miss you," he whispered.

fail to hit  be wide of  go wide of  fall short of
fail to catch  drop

55

realize/ˈrɪə.laɪz/

فهمیدن پی بردن

فعل

Do you realize how close you came to running right into a bear?
I didn't realize you felt that way.

register  perceive  discern  be aware of  become aware of

56

go away/goʊ əˈweɪ/

به مسافرت رفتن (برای تعطیلات) به جایی رفتن، سفر کردن

فعل

leave  go  depart  get going  get out

57

vaccine/ˌvækˈsin/

واکسن

اسم

In 1879 a vaccine for cholera was invented.
In 1935, a vaccine for yellow fever was created.

58

efficient/ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

کارآمد موثر

صفت

The nets or snares are highly efficient for this purpose.
A transporter of this kind, when fitted with a grab, is a very efficient machine for taking coal from barges and depositing it in a coal store.

well organized  methodical  systematic  structured  well planned

59

cause/kɔːz/

باعث شدن موجب شدن، ایجاد کردن

فعل

Was that the cause of the tension?
He probably hasn't had any cause to speak French.

source  root  origin  beginning  beginnings

60

cure/kjʊr/

درمان کردن شفا دادن

فعل

I hope it will cure him.
One can't cure anything.

heal  restore to health  make well  make better  restore

61

technology/tekˈnɑl.ə.dʒi/

فناوری تکنولوژی

اسم

The ability of science and technology to improve human life is known to us.
I'm not opposed to technology, I simply enjoy the work.

62

train/treɪn/

آموزش دادن یاد دادن

فعل

"I know you train with them," he stated.
As slippery and twisted the man was, he knew how to train men to win a battle.

instruct  teach  coach  tutor  give lessons to

63

inefficient/ɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/

ناکارآمد کم بازده

صفت

We will radically improve the primitive, inefficient process that agriculture is today.
We apply inefficient agricultural techniques to grow and harvest them, and then we inefficiently distribute them.

ineffective  ineffectual  inefficacious  incompetent  inept

64

bed and breakfast/bɛd ænd ˈbrɛkfəst/

مهمانخانه کوچک

اسم

65

prevent/prɪˈvent/

جلوگیری کردن پیشگیری کردن

فعل

More than likely the correction was to prevent her from being embarrassed.
Nature found a way to prevent that.

stop  put a stop to  avert  nip in the bud  fend off

66

resistance/rɪˈzɪstəns/

مقاومت

اسم

Any resistance she might have mustered melted at his words.
Whatever resistance she had evaporated in the intensity of his desire for her.

opposition to  hostility to  aversion to  refusal to accept  unwillingness to accept

67

middle/ˈmɪd.əl/

وسط میان

اسم

What was he doing out here alone in the middle of the desert?
The rod was bent in the middle so that it could be turned as with a crank.

centre  mean  median  mid point  halfway point

68

existence/ɪgˈzɪs.təns/

وجود هستی

اسم

actuality  being  existing  reality  fact
survival

69

staff/stæf/

پرسنل کارکنان

اسم

(The staff officer smiled.)
But I did not always use this staff of life.

employees  workers  workforce  personnel  hands

70

bacteria/bækˈtɪriə/

باکتری‌ها (زیست شناسی)

اسم

Venter's plan is to use bacteria to brew fuel, much like we brew beer today.
Bacteria can process toxic wastes and oil spills into harmless biodegradable materials.

microorganisms  microbes  germs  bacilli  pathogens
aerobes

71

infection/ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

عفونت آلودگی

اسم

The x-rays were conclusive and indicated a bad infection in the lower lobe of one lung.
They did another x-ray this morning and the infection has spread to the other lung.

disease  virus  contagion
disorder  condition  affliction

72

pneumonia/nuːˈmoʊniə/

ذات‌الریه سینه پهلو

اسم

"Pneumonia", the doctor said, confirming Alex's fears.
I've seen you knocked to your knees with pneumonia, grief and a sick husband, but you always come right back up fighting.

73

canceled/ˈkænsəld/

لغو شده کنسل شده

صفت

They say the flight isn't canceled yet so let's hope Montrose stays clear enough, at least for another hour or two.
Fred introduced him as the biker who was riding on the canceled reservation of Pat Corbin.

call off  abandon  scrap  drop
postpone  mothball
scrub

74

pertussis/pərˈtʌsɪs/

سیاه‌سرفه

اسم

The vaccine is designed to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B and polio.
Between 3 years 4 months - 5 years - before primary school entrance Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and inactivated poliomyelitis.

75

brutal/ˈbrutəl/

بی‎رحم بی‎رحمانه، ظالم

صفت

He planned brutal practical jokes, in which blows had always a share.
Who is that intemperate and brutal man whom we would redeem?

savage  cruel  bloodthirsty  vicious  ferocious

76

treat oneself/trit ˌwʌnˈsɛlf/

لذت بردن به خود حال دادن، دل از عزا درآوردن

عبارت

77

develop/dɪˈvel.əp/

تولید کردن ایجاد کردن، توسعه دادن، رشد دادن

فعل

The second crop of cabbage was starting to develop, and the okra looked good.
They were already beginning to develop different personalities.

grow  evolve  mature  expand  enlarge

78

antibacterial/ˌæntibækˈtɪriəl/

ضد باکتری

صفت

Popularity waned after World War II, when more potent antibacterial agents were discovered, but interest grew in the 1970's along with the natural health and wellness movement.
Hand washing using antibacterial liquid soap is important to prevent the spread of infection.

79

tiny/ˈtɑɪ.ni/

کوچک بسیار اندک، بسیار ریز

صفت

Some are very tiny and some are very large.
Even the tiny rose petal lips looked pale.

minute  small-scale  scaled-down  mini  baby

80

take responsibility for/teɪk riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fɔr/

مسئولیت چیزی را بر عهده گرفتن مسئولیت چیزی را قبول کردن

عبارت

81

itching/ˈɪʧɪŋ/

خارش خاریدن

اسم

Itching for the feel of battle, Taran broke into a jog toward the battle.
Yeah, I'm just tired, and my throat is itching this morning.

tingling  irritation  itchiness  stinging  prickling

82

infectious/ɪnˈfekʃəs/

مسری واگیردار

صفت

In 1878 an act was passed giving like powers in the case of the infectious diseases of animals.
When plague is present in a place, the measures to be taken are the usual ones for dealing with infectious disease, with some additions.

contagious  communicable  transmittable  transmissible  transferable

83

petri dish/ˈpɛtri dɪʃ/

پتری دیش

اسم

84

repellent/rɪˈpɛlənt/

دافع دفع‌کننده، ضد

اسم

If experience develops incompatibility of temper or some other mutually repellent characteristic, separation follows as a matter of course.
If the worship of Siva, despite the purport of his chief symbol, seems on the whole less liable to produce these undesirable effects than that of the rival deity, it is doubt- less due partly to the real nature of that emblem being little realized by the common people, and partly to the somewhat repellent character of the "great god," more favourable to evoking feelings of awe and terror than a spirit of fervid devotion.

revolting  repulsive  disgusting  repugnant  sickening

85

until/ʌnˈtɪl/

تا تا اینکه

حرف اضافه

We went to bed and slept until morning.
I was talking with Morino until almost midnight.

till  up to  up till  up until  as late as

86

alive/əˈlɑɪv/

زنده

صفت

And I?... and he is still alive and gay!
He was alive and unconscious.

living  live  having life  not dead
breathing  moving
vital

87

confirm/kənˈfɜrm/

تأیید کردن تصدیق کردن

فعل

Betsy was hopeful she might be able to confirm where the people had lived.
Ethel Rosewater called to confirm Thursday night.

corroborate  bear out  verify  show the truth of  prove

88

powder/ˈpɑʊd.ər/

پودر [گرد]

اسم

They shall get no powder, if I can help it.
It is a brown powder which is readily decomposed by boiling water.

dust  fine particles  fine grains
talcum powder  talc
pulvil  pulvilio
pounce
dust

89

warn/wɔːrn/

هشدار دادن اطلاع دادن، اخطار دادن

فعل

I warn you again, step aside.
Paints that warn of overheating.

notify  alert  apprise  give notice  inform

90

itch/ɪʧ/

خارش کردن خاریدن

فعل

In the bathroom she painted the little bumps, wincing as the sting burned the itch away.
Yully concentrated on the small itch in her mind that told her Jule was near.

tingling  irritation  itchiness  stinging  prickling

91

screen/skrin/

پرده

اسم

She unhooked the screen and pushed it out.
She looked from the computer screen to the phone with the flashing red light.

partition  divider  room divider  dividing wall  separator

92

age/eɪdʒ/

عصر دوره

اسم

He sold his first painting at age fifteen – something like $17,000.
At her age, the words sounded strange.

number of years  lifetime  duration  length of life
stage of life  generation

93

itch/ɪʧ/

خارش

اسم

In the bathroom she painted the little bumps, wincing as the sting burned the itch away.
Yully concentrated on the small itch in her mind that told her Jule was near.

tingling  irritation  itchiness  stinging  prickling

94

nightmare/ˈnɑɪt.mer/

تجربه وحشتناک

اسم

Lost souls, shut out of the underworld, was the greatest nightmare for Death.
It was the moment she realized her nightmare was beginning.

bad dream  night terrors
incubus
ephialtes
ordeal  horror  torment  trial
burden

95

3-D/3-di/

سه‌بعدی

صفت

abounds as kids help the Algorhythm... 3-D Dinosaur Adventure.. .
The top had a 3-D pastry crowned swan swimming along, fashioned around a metal armature.

96

unless/ʌnˈles/

مگر اینکه

حرف ربط

I don't want you to give that number to anyone unless it's an emergency, you understand?
They wouldn't all be there unless something terrible had happened.

97

romantic/roʊˈmæn.t̬ɪk/

عاشقانه رومانتیک

صفت

Surely he didn't mean love in the romantic sense.
Brandon would be horrified by any thought of a romantic involvement with me.

amorous  intimate  passionate
lovey-dovey
loving  amorous  passionate

98

antibiotic/ˌæntibaɪˈɑːtɪk/

آنتی بیوتیک

صفت

99

drive crazy/draɪv ˈkreɪzi/

آزردن (کسی) (کسی را) عصبانی کردن

عبارت

100

insect/ˈɪn.sekt/

حشره

اسم

A boot came down on the angry insect before it could reach her.
Riley, Insect Life, US.

101

organism/ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/

جاندار اندامگان

اسم

The organism is made up of molecules which are analogous to them.
The cell-walls of plants render the entry of solid material into the organism impossible.

living thing  being  creature  animal  plant

102

printer/ˈprɪnt.ər/

چاپگر پرینتر

اسم

This printer is purely mechanical, and its speed is very high.
He was a master printer and an artist of the first order.

103

high-tech/ˌhɑɪˈtek/

پیشرفته (تکنولوژی)

صفت

Though traveling the high seas, connectivity is also no problem on Freedom ships, with onboard high-tech presentation rooms ready to go, along with extensive Wi-Fi capabilities throughout the vessel.
Not only are they aerodynamic and stylish, they come packed with a dazzling assortment of high-tech features in keeping with the company's commitment to the high standards set forth by Polar explorers, deep sea divers, and ice divers.

104

hopefully/ˈhoʊp.fə.li/

انشاالله

قید

Hopefully they would come visit sometime.
Jake asked hopefully, reappearing in the bathroom doorway.

optimistically  with hope  full of hope  confidently  expectantly

105

mistake/mɪˈsteɪk/

اشتباه غلط

اسم

I won't make the mistake I made with you before.
I made a really bad mistake and I don't know what to do.

error  fault  inaccuracy  omission  slip

106

tons/tʌnz/

کلی یک عالمه، خیلی زیاد

اسم

I'd have thought you had tons of friends.
Toby had tons of them in his small bedchamber off hers.

107

alarm/əˈlɑrm/

آژیر

اسم

I kept thinking I could hear an alarm clock.
The alarm clock beside her bed indicated 2:00 am in large orange numbers.

fear  anxiety  apprehension  trepidation  nervousness

108

bite/bɑɪt/

گزش نیش

اسم

Don't bite my head off.
It did not try to bite or scratch.

sink one's teeth into  chew  munch  crunch  champ

109

sore throat/sɔr θroʊt/

گلو درد

اسم

110

microscope/ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp/

میکروسکوپ

اسم

In polarized light they show a weak grey colour with a black cross, the arms of which are parallel to the cobwebs in the eyepiece of the microscope and remain stationary when the section is rotated.
The plant can then be at any time examined under the microscope without injuring the mounted specimen.

111

viral/ˈvaɪrəl/

ویروسی [وابسته به ویروس]

صفت

Even viral diseases have proven amenable to drug therapy over the past 20 years.
For those who feel intimidated by the concept or don't have the time to devote to it, companies that specialize in viral marketing organize virtual blog tours that incorporate all the sources listed in this article.

112

safety/ˈseɪf.ti/

ایمنی امنیت

اسم

Put safety first and be careful.
Howard had insisted on picking up his little sister that night for safety reasons.

welfare  well-being  protection  security
security  soundness

113

fall asleep/fɔl əˈslip/

به خواب رفتن

فعل

doze off  drop off  go to sleep
nod off  go off  drift off

114

development/dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/

تولید ابداع، ساخت

اسم

But three years later a new economic development began.
"There's enough rock here to build a housing development," she commented as they worked their way across a jumble of flat red rocks.

evolution  growth  maturing  expansion  enlargement

115

virus/ˈvaɪrəs/

ویروس

اسم

The virus cannot live in immunized individuals, nor in nature.
Specifically, a virus or bug passed to a pig is considered a huge threat in the medical community, because pigs can pass their diseases onto humans.

116

combat/ˈkɑmbæt/

مبارزه کردن

فعل

battle  fighting  action  hostilities  conflict

117

worldwide/ˈwɜrld.wɑɪd/

جهانی در سرتاسر جهان

صفت

There was a rising worldwide consumption of consumer goods.
Intertwined worldwide financial systems.

global  international  intercontinental  world  universal

118

economical/ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl/

مقرون به صرفه صرفه‌جو، صرفه‌جویانه

صفت

An economical method of evaporation must be found.
The system is economical in fuel, but needs skilled attendance to keep the appliances and fittings in order.

cheap  inexpensive  low-cost  low-price  low-budget

119

polio/ˈpoʊlioʊ/

فلج اطفال

اسم

I replied, "Writing about polio," and he asked, "What is polio?"
With a grant from the National Foundation for Infant Paralysis, he went to work on a polio vaccine.

120

bacterial/bækˈtɪriəl/

باکتریایی میکروبی، [وابسته به باکتری]

صفت

microorganisms  microbes  germs  bacilli  pathogens
aerobes

121

invention/ɪnˈven.tʃən/

اختراع [عمل اختراع کردن چیزی]

اسم

The invention of the damper-pedal in the pianoforte epitomizes the difference between polyphony and symphonic art, for it is the earliest device by which sounds are produced and prolonged in a way contrary to the spirit of "real" part-writing.
The invention of the railroad was a milestone in the history of transportation.

origination  creation  innovation  devising  contriving

122

substance/ˈsʌbstəns/

ماده

اسم

The future system I foresee will not be different in substance, but only in degree.
The substance of thought is language, and language is the one thing to teach the deaf child and every other child.

material  matter  stuff  medium  fabric
solidity

123

top of the line/tɑp ʌv ðə laɪn/

بهترین گران‌ترین

صفت

124

respiratory/ˈrespərətɔːri/

تنفسی

صفت

These muscles act so as to pump the blood through the respiratory organs.
But they have lost their respiratory function.

125

multiply/ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ/

تکثیر شدن تولید مثل کردن

فعل

Machines multiply our labor and increase our ability to do work.
But the old abuses continuing to multiply, the Prussian towns and gentry at last took their affairs into their own hands, and formed a so-called Prussian League, which demanded an equal share in the government of the country.

increase  increase exponentially  grow  become more numerous  accumulate

126

state of the art/ˌsteɪt əv ði ˈɑːrt/

پیشرفته‎ترین آخرین

صفت

modern  ultra-modern  futuristic  avant-garde  the latest

127

advertising/ˈæd.vərˌtɑɪ.zɪŋ/

تبلیغات آگهی بازرگانی

اسم

Then do some advertising and keep him busy.
About 1689 his health, never very strong, began to fail seriously and he gradually withdrew from his public engagements, ceasing his communications to the Royal Society, and advertising his desire to be excused from receiving guests, "unless upon occasions very extraordinary," on Tuesday and Friday forenoon, and Wednesday and Saturday afternoon.

publicize  make public  make known  give publicity to  bill

128

influenza/ˌɪnfluˈɛnzə/

آنفلوآنزا

اسم

Those of the plains find the temperature chilly, and are stricken down with influenza and pains in the limbs.
An event which caused a deep impression on the public mind was the epidemic of influenza in the autumn of 1918.

129

recover/rɪˈkʌv.ər/

بهبود یافتن ترمیم شدن

فعل

She nodded, trying hard to recover from the latest surprise.
That army could not recover anywhere.

recuperate  get better  get well  convalesce  regain one's strength

130

discovery/dɪˈskʌv.ə.ri/

اکتشاف کشف

اسم

She stared at the discovery in her hands.
This discovery excited him.

finding  locating  location  uncovering  unearthing
finding out

131

threat/θrɛt/

تهدید

اسم

They are a serious threat to him.
It was meant as a threat, not a promise.

threatening remark  warning  ultimatum  intimidating remark
commination
menaces  menacing
danger

132

cutting-edge/ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/

پیشرو پیشگام، مدرن

صفت

Companies that have a snappy casual dress code are usually cutting-edge and expect their employees to have a fashion-forward sensibility that matches the attitude they bring to their work.
The right accessories are just as important as finding the right dresses as expensive looking jewelry and shoes can give a cutting-edge look to even the simplest gowns.

133

flu/fluː/

آنفلوآنزا

اسم

His place is as busy as a country doctor's waiting room in flu season.
A deeper ache, as if she had the flu and every muscle in her body was on fire, was made worse by sleeping on the cold floor.

134

tuberculosis/tuːˌbɜːrkjəˈloʊsɪs/

سل

اسم

tuberculosis, analysis of the cell shows a large amount of cellulose.
In 1921, a tuberculosis vaccine was developed in France.

135

first-rate/fɜrst-reɪt/

تراز اول عالی

صفت

A first-rate border plant of easy cultivation.
They are memorable occasions with first-rate speakers, properly run but not solemn.

top quality  high quality  top grade  first class  second to none

136

mass/mæs/

حجم زیاد کپه، توده بزرگ

اسم

There grew up a mass of controversial matter which it is amusing to read now.
The materials mixed with the iron borings cause them to rust into a solid mass, and in doing so a slight expansion takes place.

pile  heap  stack  clump  cloud

137

approximately/əˈprɑk.sə.mət.li/

تقریبا حدودا

قید

It was a small white bone approximately one inch long.
approximately four times that of hydrogen.

roughly  about  around  just about  round about

138

convince/kənˈvɪns/

متقاعد کردن قانع کردن، راضی کردن

فعل

Yes, I need to convince her to accept me.
None of them had been able to convince her to wait until the estate was settled.

persuade  satisfy  prove to  cause to feel certain
assure  reassure
put someone's mind at rest

139

wheel/wiːl/

چرخ

اسم

He turned back to the wheel, chuckling.
She gripped the steering wheel more tightly.

disc  hoop  ring  circle
turn  rotation

140

awake/əˈweɪk/

بیدار

صفت

I was awake half the night.
She was still awake an hour later when Alex came through the door.

wake  wake up  awaken  stir  come to

141

rainstorm/ˈreɪnˌstɔrm/

باد و باران باران شدید، [طوفان به همراه باران شدید]

اسم

Go outside after a heavy rainstorm, or a windy day, and see what nature has liberated.
A very heavy rainstorm during the night seriously affected the movements of troops on the following day, but all to Napoleon's advantage, for his more mobile artillery, reinforced by every horse available in and about Dresden, was still able to move where the Allied guns sank in mud.

142

plague/pleɪɡ/

طاعون

اسم

He died of the plague in 1669.
During the plague of A.D.

disease  sickness
bubonic plague  pneumonic plague  the Black Death
contagious disease  contagion

143

ashamed/əˈʃeɪmd/

خجالت‌زده شرمنده

صفت

I was ashamed of my desire.
"But the Christians offer up prayers for them, that they may turn from their error; and when one of them turns, he is ashamed before the Christians of the deeds that were done by him, and he confesses to God saying: ` In ignorance I did these things '; and he cleanses his heart, and his sins are forgiven him, because he did them in ignorance in former time, when he was blaspheming the true knowledge of the Christians."

sorry  shamefaced  abashed  sheepish  guilty

144

overuse/ˌoʊvərˈjuz/

مصرف بیش از حد

اسم

It is in most instances traceable to exposure to cold or damp, to overuse of the limbs in walking, &c. Any source of pressure upon the nerve within the pelvis, such as may be produced by a tumour or even by constipation of the bowels, may excite an attack of sciatica.
Other methods of purging include excessive fasting or stringent dieting as a form of self-punishment, excessive exercise, negative self-talk, or overuse of laxatives and enemas.

145

slip one's mind/slɪp wʌnz maɪnd/

فراموش کردن

عبارت

146

once in a while/wʌns ɪn ə waɪl/

هر چند وقت یک بار هر از چند گاه

قید

occasionally  from time to time  now and again  now and then  every now and again

147

innovative/ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/

خلاق مبتکرانه، خلاقانه

صفت

Housing is a huge industry that will reward innovative products.
The site was seen to have considerable potential for drawing in innovative products for the construction industry.

original  innovatory  innovational  new  novel

148

high-quality/haɪ-ˈkwɑləti/

کیفیت بالا مرغوب

صفت

His sweater, jeans, and trench coat were all of high quality with his heavy boots dwarfing her feet as hers did Toby's.
The following is a typical analysis of high quality bottle-glass: S102, 69.15%; Na 2 0, 13.00%; CaO, 15.00%; Al 2 0 3, 2.20%; and Fe 2 0 3, 0.65%.

149

fine/fɑɪn/

جریمه کردن

فعل

This is a fine meal, do you think?
That would be fine with me.

excellent  first-class  first-rate  great  exceptional

150

mosquito/məˈskiːt̬.oʊ/

پشه

اسم

She held up clothing covered in mosquito netting.
She slapped the mosquito off her arm and shook her head.

151

waste/weɪst/

اتلاف اسراف، حرام‌سازی

اسم

What a waste of five years.
Gabe didn't waste time.

squander  fritter away  misspend  misuse  spend recklessly

152

benefit/ˈben.ə.fɪt/

مزیت سود، نفع، فایده

اسم

If you think you'd benefit, you probably will.
I'm giving her the benefit of the doubt that she made it all the way to the river.

good  sake  interest  welfare  well-being

153

organic/ɔːrˈgæn.ɪk/

طبیعی ارگانیک

صفت

People who buy organic food, for instance, are not doing it simply because they have more money.
Nature is essentially a process of organic self-evolution.

living  live  animate  biological  natural
biotic
pesticide-free

154

mold/moʊld/

کپک قارچ

اسم

She turned, startled to find the man in front her of the same make and mold as Damian's men.
No-1962, From Russia with Love-1963, Thunderball-1965, You Only Live Twice-1967, and Diamonds Are Forever-1971) before he was ever able to really break out of the 007 mold and go on to something different in 1987 (The Untouchables).

cast  die  form  matrix  shape

155

net/nɛt/

تور

اسم

The net seemed heavy.
Her personal net buzzed, and she touched the area behind her ear again.

netting  meshwork  mesh  webbing  tulle



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