درس 6


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

management/ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

مدیران گردانندگان

اسم

This left the management of the business to the other three.
Jonathan had band practice with his friends and Alex was in his recliner, reading a letter from a wildlife management area in Colorado.

administration  running  managing  organization
charge  care

2

complicate/ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪt/

بغرنج کردن پیچیده کردن

فعل

Getting involved would only complicate things.
The last thing I need is to complicate things more.

make difficult  make more difficult  make complex  make complicated  mix up
confuse

3

compassion/kəmˈpæʃn/

احساسات عواطف، دلسوزی

اسم

There was compassion in her sparkling gaze despite the gentle humor in her voice.
Still, as welcome as his compassion was, it only served to increase her tears.

pity  sympathy  feeling  fellow feeling  empathy

4

head/hed/

رییس مدیر، رهبر

اسم

She leaned her head on his shoulder.
He shook his head and rolled his eyes.

skull  cranium  crown
nut  noodle  noddle

5

boss/bɑs/

رییس

اسم

Come in, Connie, and meet my new boss, Yancey Giddon.
They spent the evening in their private quarters mulling over the possibilities and skirting the question that Lydia had actually killed her boss, which in spite of mounting concern, Dean continued to find unlikely.

head  head man  head woman  top man  top woman

6

rock/rɑk/

موسیقی راک

اسم

The bottom was solid rock covered with fine sand.
I felt the great billows rock and sink.

move to and fro  move backwards and forwards  move back and forth  sway  swing

7

talk somebody out of something/tɔk ˈsʌmˌbɑdi aʊt ʌv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

کسی را از کاری منصرف کردن

عبارت

8

familiarity/fəˌmɪlˈjɛrəti/

آشنایی

اسم

I am convinced that Helen's use of English is due largely to her familiarity with books.
A sense of familiarity hit her as they neared a clump of rocks.

acquaintance with  acquaintanceship with  awareness of  experience of  insight into

9

memory/ˈmem.ə.ri/

حافظه (انسان و رایانه)

اسم

The memory brought goose bumps to her arms.
The memory gave her resolution.

ability to remember  powers of recall  recall  powers of retention  retention

10

volunteer/ˌvɑlənˈtɪr/

داوطلب شدن

فعل

offer  tender  proffer  present  put forward

11

field/fiːld/

رشته زمینه (کاری/تحصیلی)

اسم

My father works in the field, and I take care of the sheep.
"You up for a field trip?" he asked.

meadow  pasture  paddock  green  pen

12

star/stɑr/

ستاره ستاره (شکل)

اسم

"A silent film star," Charlie said.
The man with the star regarded her with his calm, expressionless eyes.

celestial body  heavenly body  sun
asteroid  planet  planetoid
orb
horoscope

13

remain/rɪˈmeɪn/

ماندن

فعل

One would argue that energy costs will remain high.
All this time he had to remain strong for his mother.

continue to exist  endure  last  abide  go on

14

pick one's brains/pɪk wʌnz breɪnz/

نظر کسی را پرسیدن کمک فکری خواستن

جمله

15

intention/ɪnˈten.ʃən/

قصد نیت

اسم

She had no intention of staying here.
If that was his intention, it sure worked.

aim  purpose  intent  objective  object

16

assignment/əˈsɑɪn.mənt/

تکلیف

اسم

Ikir sent me on assignment to spy on him.
Darian hoped his excitement at the assignment didn't show.

task  piece of work  piece of business  job  duty

17

certificate/sərˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/

گواهی سند

اسم

He even had a birth certificate for me.
Public primary schools include (1) icoles maternellesinfant schools for children from two to six years old; (2) elementary primary schoolsthese are the ordinary schools for children from six to thirteen; (3) higher primary schools (coles primaires suprieures) and supplementary courses; these admit pupils who have gained the certificate of primary elementary studies (cerlificat diludes primaires), offer a more advanced course and prepare for technical instruction; (4) primary technical schools (coles manuelles dapprenlissage, coles primaires suprleures professionnelles) kept by the communes or departments.

guarantee  proof  certification  document  authorization

18

go out of one's way/goʊ aʊt ʌv wʌnz weɪ/

بیش از حد معمول تلاش کردن

عبارت

19

internalize/ɪnˈtɜrnəˌlaɪz/

درونی کردن نهادینه کردن، [چیزی را پذیرفتن و بر اساس آن عمل کردن]

فعل

After all, why do you need to internalize them?
If you did not internalize the externalities, you would buy the generic brand and save a dollar.

20

glance/glæns/

نگاه اجمالی

اسم

One glance at the picture and his neck turned red.
You see at a glance that she is blind.

take a quick look  look quickly  look briefly  peek  peep
glimpse

21

positive/ˈpɑz.ət̬.ɪv/

مثبت خوش‌بین، خوش‌بینانه

صفت

Think positive, and pray.
I'm positive she didn't notice us the first time.

affirmative  favourable  approving  in the affirmative  good

22

taste/teɪst/

سلیقه

اسم

flavour  savour  relish  tang  smack
mouthful

23

talent/ˈtælənt/

استعداد

اسم

"Very nice talent," he said.
His talent is for narrative and description.

flair  aptitude  facility  gift  knack

24

interview/ˈɪntərvjuː/

مصاحبه

اسم

This interview was proof.
Are you ready for your interview at least?

meeting  discussion  conference  question and answer session  examination

25

keen/kiːn/

تیز قوی

صفت

He continued to take a keen interest in art and science.
He wasn't too keen on the idea when she first told him about it.

eager  anxious  impatient  determined  desirous

26

engineering/ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ/

مهندسی

اسم

While she knew his genetic engineering made him harder to kill, she'd never imagined he'd survived.
The shipbuilding and engineering trades are active and advancing.

designer  planner  builder  architect  producer

27

scenery/ˈsiː.nə.ri/

صحنه وسایل صحنه‌آرایی

اسم

landscape  countryside  country  terrain  topography

28

interview/ˈɪntərvjuː/

مصاحبه کردن

فعل

This interview was proof.
Are you ready for your interview at least?

meeting  discussion  conference  question and answer session  examination

29

regret/rɪˈgret/

پشیمانی افسوس

اسم

His quiet regret made her uneasy.
He looked at her, a penetrating stare that made her again regret drawing his attention.

be sorry about  feel contrite about  feel apologetic about  feel remorse about  feel remorse for

30

actual/ˈæk.tʃu.əl/

واقعی حقیقی

صفت

Yet even now there were no actual facts to go upon.
When was the last time they had an actual conversation?

real  true  genuine  authentic  verified

31

inventory/ˌɪnvənˈtɔri/

فهرست (اموال، کالا و ...) موجودی انبار

اسم

I held the inventory to make sure.
This is sort of an inventory of the stuff.

list  listing  catalogue  directory  record

32

skill/skɪl/

مهارت

اسم

We have the skill and the strategy.
Darkyn's lie detector skill gave Deidre a tingling at the base of her skull that she took to be a red flag.

expertise  skilfulness  expertness  adeptness  adroitness

33

available/əˈveɪ.lə.bəl/

در دسترس قابل استفاده

صفت

The number of choices available added to the confusion.
No one was available to speak with him until 2:00.

obtainable  accessible  to be had  ready for use  at hand

34

environment/enˈvɑɪ.rən.mənt/

محیط

اسم

The environment in the Arctic Circle is very hostile.
Many influences operating for a long period of time on the character and the environment of a class go to determine its standard of life.

habitat  territory  domain  home  abode
surroundings

35

experience/ɪkˈspɪr.iː.əns/

تجربه سابقه

اسم

He has a lot of experience in these matters.
In the first place she had nineteen months' experience of sight and sound.

skill  practical knowledge  practice
training  learning  education

36

get ahead/gɛt əˈhɛd/

موفق شدن پیشرفت کردن

فعل

prosper  flourish  thrive  do well  get on well
succeed

37

challenge/ˈʧælənʤ/

چالش

اسم

I like a challenge once in a while.
We had no right to challenge his choices in spite of our lives being tied to his as tightly as a water-logged knot.

dare  provocation
summons
confrontation with  dispute with  stand against  test of

38

knowledge/ˈnɑːlɪdʒ/

دانش

اسم

To understand this problem, consider our relationship with knowledge over the centuries.
We are becoming a knowledge economy.

understanding  comprehension  grasp  grip  command

39

advanced/ədˈvænst/

پیشرفته مدرن، مترقی

صفت

We had no advanced warning that this was going to happen.
The answer was mix of advanced medicine and magic.

state-of-the-art  new  modern  up to date  up to the minute

40

work on/wɜrk ɑn/

(روی چیزی) کار کردن تعمیر کردن، وقت گذراندن

فعل

41

signal/ˈsɪg.nəl/

علامت دادن اشاره کردن

فعل

Place your thumb on the pad, and it'll signal me.
His thrashing was the signal he was in the throes of dream.

gesture  sign  wave  gesticulation  cue

42

song/sɔːŋ/

آهنگ

اسم

I learned a song about spring.
You were singing a different song a few hours ago?

air  strain  ditty  melody  tune

43

keep in mind/kip ɪn maɪnd/

به خاطر سپردن به یاد داشتن

فعل

44

settle/ˈsɛtəl/

تصمیم گرفتن قطعی کردن، فیصله پیدا کردن

فعل

She'd need that time to settle her business and pack her things.
There was one way to settle the matter.

resolve  sort out  reach an agreement about  find a solution to  find an answer to

45

prioritize/praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz/

اولویت‌بندی کردن در اولویت قرار دادن

فعل

We agreed to prioritize those where possible.
An excellent way to avoid being remiss is to prioritize all your responsibilities and write them down.

46

focus/ˈfoʊkəs/

تمرکز کردن

فعل

She shook her head, her focus back on Alex.
Carmen tried to focus on Felipa, but her mind was full of questions.

centre  focal point  central point  centre of attention  hub

47

task/tæsk/

کار وظیفه

اسم

It's not an easy task to learn.
She almost laughed, feeling overwhelmed by her task and uneasy in the stranger's house.

job  duty  chore  charge  labour

48

leadership/ˈlidərˌʃɪp/

رهبری راهنمایی، هدایت

اسم

headship  directorship  direction  governorship  governance

49

antique/ænˈtiːk/

عتیقه

اسم

The large room contained some of the most beautiful antique furniture she had ever seen.
But in some ways, it's like antique furniture.

collector's item  period piece  museum piece  antiquity  object of virtu
heirloom
treasure

50

manage/ˈmænɪdʒ/

مدیریت کردن گرداندن، اداره کردن

فعل

be in charge of  run  be head of  head  direct

51

pass/pæs/

(با موفقیت) گذراندن قبول شدن، پاس کردن

فعل

The doctors were of use to Natasha because they kissed and rubbed her bump, assuring her that it would soon pass if only the coachman went to the chemist's in the Arbat and got a powder and some pills in a pretty box for a ruble and seventy kopeks, and if she took those powders in boiled water at intervals of precisely two hours, neither more nor less.
The next one to pass her did as well.

go  proceed  move  progress  make one's way

52

focus on/ˈfoʊkəs ɑn/

تمرکز کردن (بر) متمرکز کردن

فعل

53

athletic/æˈθlɛtɪk/

ورزشی

صفت

There are athletic institutions, and football is quite a popular game.
He had an athletic build, muscular and well proportioned.

muscular  muscly  sturdy  strapping  well built

54

accomplish/əˈkɑmplɪʃ/

(با موفقیت) به پایان رساندن تکمیل کردن، انجام دادن

فعل

It seemed very doubtful whether he would accomplish his desire.
Of course I agreed though I had no idea how I'd accomplish the task and dreaded even trying.

fulfil  achieve  succeed in  realize  attain

55

number/ˈnʌm.bər/

شماره‎گذاری کردن

فعل

You have my number, don't you?
Soon they came into the main road where a number of the king's men were waiting.

numeral  integer  figure  digit
character  symbol
whole number

56

consistently/kənˈsɪstəntli/

همواره همیشه

قید

The same principle was consistently applied in his university teaching.
Higher education was long forbidden and is consistently opposed by the Old Order.

57

corporation/ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃn/

شرکت

اسم

The corporation owns the water supply, public baths and wash-houses and the gasworks.
Ouray Ice Park, Inc. is a non-profit corporation and runs exclusively on the donations of sponsor members.

company  firm  business  concern  operation

58

successfully/səkˈses.fəl.i/

با موفقیت

قید

7), fought successfully against them (I Sam.
He successfully hunted down Brenda Washington, no easy chore.

59

strategic/strəˈtiːdʒɪk/

راهبردی استراتژیک

صفت

Its importance rests on its strategic position.
Its importance to France is, nevertheless, chiefly strategic and political.

planned  calculated  deliberate
tactical  politic  judicious

60

goal/goʊl/

هدف

اسم

I'm too close to my goal to give up now.
And yet, it had been her goal for over three years.

aim  objective  object  grail  holy grail

61

counsel/ˈkaʊnsl/

توصیه کردن مشاوره دادن

فعل

This is a counsel of despair.
This person needs the counsel of a psychiatrist.

advice  guidance  direction  instruction  information

62

common sense/ˈkɑmən sɛns/

عقل سلیم شعور

اسم

good sense  sense  sensibleness  native wit  native intelligence

63

firefighter/ˈfaɪrˌfaɪtər/

آتش‌نشان

اسم

64

developed/dɪˈvel.əpt/

توسعه‌یافته پیشرفته

صفت

He hadn't developed a liking for her.
In 1921, a tuberculosis vaccine was developed in France.

grow  evolve  mature  expand  enlarge

65

importance/ɪmˈpɔːrt.əns/

اهمیت

اسم

significance  momentousness  import  consequence  note

66

prior/ˈpraɪər/

قبل قبلی

صفت

I'd witnessed his reaction the prior night.
She had received notice from Parkside's police officer McCarthy the prior day, Tuesday, late in the afternoon.

earlier  previous  preceding  foregoing  antecedent

67

artistic/ɑrˈtɪstɪk/

هنری

صفت

(6) Artistic Production.
As a scientific engineer and practical architect Wren was perhaps more remarkable than as an artistic designer.

creative  imaginative  inventive  original
expressive  inspired
poetic

68

furniture/ˈfɜr.nɪ.tʃər/

اسباب و اثاثیه لوازم خانگی

اسم

I didn't get any curtains or furniture yet.
They had moved the antique furniture out of her old downstairs room and put it upstairs months before he was born.

furnishings  house fittings  fittings  fitments  movables

69

career/kəˈrɪr/

شغل حرفه

اسم

You know how important my career is to me.
Ahead of her lay college and a possible career in journalism.

profession  occupation  vocation  calling  employment

70

regardless of/rɪˈɡɑːrdləs əv/

صرف‌نظر علیرغم، بدون توجه

قید

irrespective of  without regard to  without reference to  disregarding  unmindful of

71

couple/ˈkʌpəl/

زوج

اسم

I have a couple of polo shirts, but no light shirts.
Finally he took down a couple of cups and poured them some coffee.

pair  duo  duology  twosome  set of two

72

therefore/ˈðer.fɔːr/

بنابراین به همین خاطر

قید

The storm made the forest pitch dark; therefore, searching was useless until it abated.
"My men have been scattered," said the king, "and therefore, no one is with me."

for that reason  consequently  so  as a result  as a consequence

73

ability/əˈbɪləti/

مهارت توانایی

اسم

Freedom from that ugly feeling gave her the ability to speak of it lightly for the first time.
I can only applaud this man's ability to deduce.

capacity  capability  potential  potentiality  power

74

make a living/meɪk ə ˈlɪvɪŋ/

امرار معاش كردن پول درآوردن

عبارت

75

design/dɪˈzaɪn/

طراحی کردن

فعل

Sonya sat in the drawing room at the round table, copying a design for embroidery.
That was something she had trouble imagining, but the wrought iron design was open and graceful.

plan  blueprint  drawing  scale drawing  sketch

76

interest/ˈɪntrəst/

علاقه

اسم

There was little interest in another round of Monopoly.
Somehow it failed to interest me.

attentiveness  undivided attention  absorption  engrossment  heed

77

productive/prəˈdʌk.tɪv/

ثمربخش پربار، پربازده

صفت

Sunday was more productive than Saturday.
Saturday and Sunday were both productive days with four sessions taking place each day.

prolific  inventive  creative
dynamic  energetic  vigorous

78

appearance/əˈpɪrəns/

ظاهر

اسم

Shadows made his appearance sinister.
He sensed the silent appearance of his friend and drew a breath.

look  looks  air  aspect  mien

79

mutual/ˈmjuʧuəl/

متقابل دو جانبه، مشترک

صفت

We agreed on our mutual commitment.
We both have a mutual problem.

reciprocal  reciprocated  requited  returned  give-and-take

80

rank/ræŋk/

مقام رتبه، جایگاه

اسم

The soldier looked over his subdued rank then at Dan and Elise.
In 1830 and 1831 he took part in the Dutch campaign in Belgium, and in 1844, after being promoted to the rank of general, was sent on an important mission to the Dutch East Indies to inquire into the state of their military defences.

position  grade  level  echelon  gradation

81

stage/steɪdʒ/

صحنه (تئاتر و ...)

اسم

He was in the stage play Boo!
The only business experience she had was the goat dairy, the non-functional farm and a horse ranch that had been in the fetal stage for years.

phase  period  juncture  step  point

82

interpret/ɪnˈtɜrprət/

تفسیر کردن درک کردن، برداشت کردن

فعل

He had no idea how to interpret the warning.
Uncertain how to interpret his quietness, she tried to figure out what to say.

explain  elucidate  expound  explicate  clarify

83

dexterity/dekˈsterəti/

مهارت چیره دستی

اسم

His dexterity was amazing.
He showed, however, considerable dexterity in playing off the emperor against Alexander III.

deftness  adeptness  adroitness  agility  nimbleness

84

judgment/ˈdʒʌdʒ.mənt/

قضاوت تصمیم‌گیری

اسم

I trust your judgment better than I do my own.
"Hold judgment until you meet her this afternoon," he answered.

discernment  acumen  shrewdness  astuteness  common sense

85

specifically/spəˈsɪfɪkli/

مخصوصا به ویژه

قید

Still, there was no place she specifically wanted to see.
There was no reason to feel so overwhelmed with emotion – specifically fear.

86

eager/ˈiː.gər/

مشتاق پراشتیاق

صفت

He seemed eager to talk all night.
Betsy was more than eager to comply.

keen  enthusiastic  avid  fervent  fervid

87

position/pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

جایگاه مقام

اسم

She fluffed the pillow and changed position, unable to sleep.
Han chuckled from his position near the window.

location  place  situation  spot  site

88

mathematical/ˌmæθ.əˈmæt̬.ɪkəl/

ریاضی ریاضیاتی

صفت

arithmetical  arithmetic  numerical  statistical  algebraic

89

highlight/ˈhaɪlaɪt/

برجسته کردن مورد تاکید قرار دادن، مشخص کردن

فعل

high point  high spot  best part  climax  culmination

90

sale/seɪl/

فروش ویژه حراج

اسم

I bought 'em at a garage sale right down the street.
Would you buy the answer that I ran into an incredible sale I couldn't pass up?

selling  vending  disposal
dealing  trading  bargaining
deal

91

make up one's mind/meɪk ʌp wʌnz maɪnd/

تصمیم گرفتن

جمله

decide  be decisive  come to a decision  make a decision  reach a decision
determine

92

logical/ˈlɑʤɪkəl/

منطقی

صفت

Jennie was the logical choice.
It must be distressing, trying to make logical plans about your future.

reasoned  well reasoned  rational  sound  cogent

93

demonstrate/ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt/

نشان دادن بیانگر چیزی بودن

فعل

I tried to demonstrate the panic I felt.
Though we may allow that the results obtained by Rumford and Davy demonstrate satisfactorily that heat is in some way due to motion, yet they do not tell us to what particular dynamical quantity heat corresponds.

show  show beyond doubt  indicate  determine  establish

94

solution/səˈluː.ʃən/

راه حل

اسم

I have a solution that might work.
In no case did these methods and efforts secure a long-term solution to poverty.

answer  result  resolution  way out  panacea
key

95

manual/ˈmæn.ju.əl/

یدی دستی

صفت

Manual labour was adopted at first as a means for students to defray their college expenses.
Miss Keller talks to herself absent-mindedly in the manual alphabet.

done with one's hands  labouring  physical  blue-collar
hand-operated  hand

96

representative/ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/

نماینده

اسم

The decision of the representative of the United States was given in April 1899.
Its foremost representative was Francis Makemie, already mentioned, who, in 1683, as an ordained minister of the presbytery of Laggan, was invited to minister to the Maryland and Virginia Presbyterians.

typical  prototypical  characteristic  illustrative  indicative
archetypal

97

physical therapist/ˌfɪzɪkl ˈθerəpɪst/

فیزیوتراپ

اسم

98

change your mind/ʧeɪnʤ jʊər maɪnd/

نظر خود را تغییر دادن

عبارت



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