درس 9


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

take tour/teɪk tʊr/

تور گردشگری رفتن

عبارت

2

pyramid/ˈpɪrəmɪd/

هرم

اسم

She stopped to admire the colors of a fruit pyramid and the textures of textiles.
(v) Pyramid with rectilinear base.

3

take photos/teɪk ˈfoʊˌtoʊz/

عکس گرفتن

عبارت

4

famous/ˈfeɪ.məs/

مشهور معروف

صفت

It is still a famous school.
Daniel Webster lived to become a famous orator and a great statesman.

5

bridge/brɪdʒ/

پل

اسم

Within two hours, the bridge was passable.
The 1862 bridge burned and was painstakingly replaced in 2001.

6

historic/hɪˈstɔːr.ɪk/

تاریخی

صفت

The great days of Crete lie thus beyond the historic period.
And so it is with the purpose of historic characters and nations.

7

district/ˈdɪs.trɪkt/

ناحیه منطقه

اسم

I went to the diamond district in New York.
The trip took us out of the District on the Maryland side as we headed west through picturesque rolling hills and farm lands.

8

statue/ˈstætʃ.uː/

مجسمه

اسم

His gaze went to the statue of him.
There is a statue of General Louis Charles Desaix de Veygoux in the Place de Jaude.

9

tower/ˈtɑʊ.ər/

برج

اسم

The tower stood complete in every part.
The tower was in pieces, the building at its base a gaping crater.

10

visit/ˈvɪz.ɪt/

دیدار کردن ملاقات کردن، دیدن، بازدید کردن

فعل

11

palace/ˈpæl.əs/

کاخ قصر

اسم

Some large bird has stolen it from his palace.
The palace contains no moat, or armed guards, nor do I detect any sophisticated security system.

12

go sightseeing/goʊ ˈsaɪtˈsiɪŋ/

به گردش و بازدید از اماکن دیدنی رفتن

عبارت

13

North America/nɔrθ əˈmɛrəkə/

آمریکای شمالی

اسم

14

Canada/ˈkænədə/

کانادا

اسم

Galway, who settled in Canada in 1832.
He was appointed in 1911 to succeed Earl Grey as governor-general of Canada, retiring from this office in 1916.

15

United States of America/juˈnaɪtəd steɪts ʌv əˈmɛrəkə/

ایالات متحده امریکا

اسم

16

Mexico/ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ/

(کشور) مکزیک

اسم

New Mexico and Arizona are no better.
In Mexico the national government is carrying out a consistent policy of developing its railway lines.

17

Central America/ˈsɛntrəl əˈmɛrəkə/

امریکای مرکزی

اسم

18

Honduras/hɑːnˈdʊrəs/

هندوراس

اسم

There is a large trade with Honduras also.
districts, as well as the greater part of the Sierra Alta, are destitute of large trees; but the coast-lands on both sides towards Tabasco and British Honduras enjoy a sufficient rainfall to support forests containing the mahogany tree, several valuable cabinet woods, vanilla, logwood and other dye-woods.

19

Costa Rica/ˈkɔstə ˈrikə/

کاستاریکا

اسم

20

Ecuador/ˈɛkwəˌdɔr/

اکوادور

اسم

The Galapagos Islands are of some commercial importance to Ecuador, on account of the guano and the orchilla moss found on them and exported to Europe.
of Ecuador, to which country they belong.

21

Peru/pəˈruː/

پرو

اسم

by Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia.
To prevent internal trade with Peru a custom-house was set up at Cordoba to levy a duty of 50% on everything in transit to and from the river Plate.

22

South America/saʊθ əˈmɛrəkə/

آمریکای جنوبی

اسم

23

Chile/ˈtʃɪli/

شیلی

اسم

Sulphur is worked in Chile and Peru.
Other Conifers Araucaria inzbricata, Chile pine or monkey-puzzle).

24

Brazil/brəˈzɪl/

برزیل

اسم

It runs conterminous with the southern border of Brazil, and lies between 30° and 35° S.
MACEIO or Macayo, a city and port of Brazil and capital of the state of Alagoas, about 125 m.

25

Colombia/kəˈlʌmbiə/

کلمبیا

اسم

CALI, an inland town of the department of Cauca, Colombia, South America, about 180 m.
The Church now has, besides these missions, others in India (1834), Siam (1840), China (1846),(1846), Colombia (1856), Brazil (1859),(1859), Japan (1859), Laos (1867),(1867), Mexico (transferred in 1872 by the American and Foreign Christian Union), Chile (transferred in 1873 by the same Union; first established in 1845), Guatemala (1882),(1882), Korea (1884)(1884) and the Philippine Islands (1899).

26

Jamaica/dʒɐmˈeɪkə/

جاماییکا (کشوری جزیره‌ای در دریای کاراییب)

اسم

Thoreau (Jamaica, New York, 1890); J.
In 1753 he was made commander of the "Jamaica" sloop, and served in her on the North American station.

27

Caribbean/kəˈrɪbiən/

منطقه کارائیب [دریای کارائیب و جزایر اطراف آن]

اسم

The Caribbean air was heavy, the ocean chill warmer than the weather at the castle.
long., where it bends northwards to the Caribbean Sea.

28

Europe/ˈjʊrəp/

اروپا

اسم

We're in northern Europe, so you can't go wrong with sweaters.
Once again, war raged in Europe and around the world and left sixty million people dead.

29

Germany/ˈʤɜrməni/

آلمان

اسم

However, the duties of archchancellor for Italy were generally discharged by deputy, and after the virtual separation of Italy and Germany, the title alone was retained by the elector.
The Wittelsbachs gave three kings to Germany, Louis IV.,' Rupert and Charles VII.

30

Great Britain/greɪt ˈbrɪtən/

بریتانیای کبیر

اسم

31

France/fræns/

فرانسه

اسم

One day King Henry the Fourth of France was hunting in a large forest.
If this had been the Tour de France, he'd still be on the road.

32

Spain/speɪn/

اسپانیا

اسم

by Spain as far as Cape Ortegal.
A few months after her return from Spain her father was killed by a fall from his horse.

33

Portugal/ˈpɔrʧəgəl/

پرتغال (کشور)

اسم

For Portugal, completed in 1886 for the Portuguese possessions in the Indies; in force.
and Leonora, daughter of Edward, king of Portugal, was born at Vienna Neustadt on the 22nd of March 1 459.

34

Italy/ˈɪtəli/

ایتالیا

اسم

He was United States minister to Italy from 1882 to 1885.
"Are you lately from Italy?" he asked.

35

Russia/ˈrʌʃə/

روسیه

اسم

In Russia, Joseph Stalin had thousands of writers, intellectuals, and scientists arrested and put into concentration camps.
Minsk, Russia (Government) >>

36

Turkey/ˈtɜːrki/

ترکیه

اسم

"More like the turkey," she answered.
I happen to be going that way, and I will carry your turkey, if you will allow me.

37

Morocco/məˈrɑːkoʊ/

مراکش

اسم

The present writer believes that the date palm was really indigenous to this district of the Jerid, as it is to countries of similar description in southern Morocco, southern Algeria, parts of the Tripolitaine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, southern Persia and north-western India; but that north of the latitude of the Jerid the date did not grow naturally in Mauretania, just as it was foreign to all parts of Europe, in which, as in true North Africa, its presence is due to the hand of man.
The eastern division of the Atlas, which forms the backbone of Algeria and Tunisia, is adequately known with the exception of the small portion in Morocco forming the province of Er-Rif.

38

Africa/ˈæfrɪkə/

آفریقا

اسم

It is as much Asia or Africa as New England.
I've never been to Europe, or Africa, or anywhere yet.

39

South Africa/sˈaʊθ ˈæfɹɪkə/

آفریقای جنوبی (کشوری در جنوب آفریقا)

اسم

40

Kenya/kˈɛnjə/

کنیا ( کشوری در شرق آفریقا)

اسم

KENYA, a great volcanic mountain in British East Africa, situated just south of the equator in 37° 20' E.
Mackinder, "Journey to the Summit of Mount Kenya," Geog.

41

Egypt/ˈiːdʒɪpt/

مصر (کشور)

اسم

42

India/ˈɪndiə/

هندوستان هند

اسم

Holmes, Four Heroes of India (1892); G.
As regards their present distribution in India, elephants are found along the foot of the Himalaya as far west as the valley of Dehra-Dun, where the winter temperature falls to a comparatively low point.

43

Asia/ˈeɪʒə/

آسیا

اسم

44

South Korea/saʊθ kɔˈriə/

کره جنوبی

اسم

45

Japan/ʤəˈpæn/

ژاپن

اسم

0.8 o.68 Japan I I British India.
North China and Japan also have many forms of life in common.

46

China/ˈʧaɪnə/

چین

اسم

A matching china cabinet held fine china, crystal and silverware.
In 1966, Mao Zedong closed the universities in China and sent their students and professors to the country to farm.

47

Thailand/ˈtaɪˌlænd/

تایلند

اسم

Many people believe the white elephant is a Chinese icon when in fact the mythology surrounding such a rare occurrence in nature comes from Thailand.
adventurous traveler can be found in the North of Thailand.

48

Oceania/ˌoʊʃiˈɑːniə/

اقیانوسیه

اسم

49

Australia/ɔˈstreɪljə/

استرالیا

اسم

You've been to Australia, haven't you?
Australia is essentially the fragment of a great plateau land of Archean rocks.

50

New Zealand/nˈuː zˈiːlənd/

نیوزیلند (کشوری در جنوب غربی اقیانوس آرام) زلاندنو

اسم

51

Antarctic/ænˈtɑrktɪk/

قطب جنوب

اسم

To these might be added the antarctic, which is still very imperfectly known.
Tasman sailed from Batavia in 1642, and on the 24th of November sighted high land in 42° 30' S., which was named van Diemen's Land, and after landing there proceeded to the discovery of the western coast of New Zealand; at first called Staten Land, and supposed to be connected with the Antarctic continent from which this voyage proved New Holland to be separated.

52

Arabic/ˈærəbɪk/

عرب زبان عربی

اسم

It shows considerable knowledge of Greek and Arabic thought (Avicenna).
He translated into Hebrew a large number of Arabic books (including the Arabic form of Euclid).

53

Chinese/ʧaɪˈniz/

زبان چینی

اسم

Chinese nurse came to see me, her name was Asu.
"Since we're here …" Traci said, eyes going to a Chinese buffet.

54

English/ˈɪŋglɪʃ/

زبان انگلیسی اهل انگلیس

اسم

We speak English here.
Fred said as coffee and English muffins were served.

55

French/frɛnʧ/

زبان فرانسوی

اسم

His French accent rolled off his deep voice in a way that made her smile.
I study French, too.

56

German/ˈʤɜrmən/

آلمانی زبان آلمانی

اسم

The German doctor went up to Lorrain.
I am studying French and German and Latin and Greek.

57

Hindi/ˈhɪndi/

زبان هندی

اسم

He now translated the whole of the New Testament into Hindi also, and into Persian twice.
It is written in pure Baiswari or Eastern Hindi, in stanzas called chaupais, broken by dohas or couplets, with an occasional soratha and chhand - the latter a hurrying metre of many rhymes and alliterations.

58

Italian/ɪˈtæljən/

زبان ایتالیایی

اسم

59

Japanese/ˌʤæpəˈniz/

زبان ژاپنی

اسم

The Japanese have produced few books of importance, and their compositions are chiefly remarkable as being lighter and more secular than is usual in Asia, but the older Chinese works take high rank both for their merits and the effect they have had.
The Japanese books are very odd.

60

Korean/kɔˈriən/

زبان کره ای

اسم

Korean agriculture suffers from infamous roads, the want of the exchange of seed, and the insecurity of the gains of labour.
By both learned and popular belief in Korea Ki-tze is recognized as the founder of Korean social order, and is greatly reverenced.

61

Portuguese/ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz/

زبان پرتقالی

اسم

of Great Britain, routed the allied British, Portuguese and Spanish troops.
It was not until 1526 that the embassy was dismissed; and not many years afterwards the negus entreated the help of the Portuguese against Mahommedan invaders, and the viceroy sent an expeditionary force, commanded by his brother Cristoforo da Gama, with 450 musketeers.

62

Russian/ˈrʌʃn/

زبان روسی

اسم

63

Spanish/ˈspænɪʃ/

زبان اسپانیایی

اسم

Would it be read in Spanish or English?
The driver took them to a Spanish design home a few miles from the hacienda.

64

Turkish/ˈtɜrkɪʃ/

زبان ترکی استانبولی

اسم

The public buildings of chief interest are the kasbah, the government offices (formerly the British consulate), the palaces of the governor-general and the archbishop - all these are fine Moorish houses; the "Grand" and the "New" Mosques, the Roman Catholic cathedral of St Philippe, the church of the Holy Trinity (Church of England), and the Bibliotheque Nationale d'Alger - a Turkish palace built in 1799-1800.
Gladys waddled downstairs, strung in more beads than the draped back room doorway of a Turkish dope den.

65

Thai/taɪ/

زبان تایلندی

اسم

The financial year 1862 closed with a deficit of more thai 16,000,000, which increased in 1866 to 28,840,000 on account 0 the preparations for the war against Austria.
This Thai family includes the Shans proper, and the Siamese.

66

Argentina/ˌɑrʤənˈtinə/

آرژانتین

اسم

- The hydrography of Argentina is of the simplest character.
Although having a great extent of coast-line, Argentina has but few really good harbours.

67

Argentine/ˈɑːrdʒəntaɪn/

فرد آرژانتینی

اسم

The Argentine constitution recognizes the Roman Catholic religion as that of the state, but tolerates all others.
The remainder of the great Argentine plain is the treeless, grassy pampa (Quichua for " level spaces "), apparently a dead level, but in reality rising gradually from the Atlantic westward toward the Andes.

68

Brazilian/brəˈzɪljən/

برزیلی اهل برزیل

اسم

Marie galante is a harsh cotton of the Peruvian or Brazilian type.
On the 9th of December 1905 protocols were signed at Caracas accepting the line between Cucuhy and the Serra Cupuy located in 1880, and referring the remainder, which had been located by a Brazilian commission in 1882 and 1884, to a mixed commission for verification.

69

Canadian/kəˈneɪdiən/

کانادایی

اسم

But first, I feel the urge to partake of Canadian hospitality.
In opposition to the Canadian Pacific railway a southern line was built from Winnipeg to the American boundary.

70

Chilean/ˈtʃɪliən/

اهل شیلی شیلیایی

اسم

on the Chilean frontier.
(British), the Compania Sud-America (Chilean), the Kosmos and Roland lines (German), the Merchants line (New York), and a Japanese line from the ports of Japan and China.

71

Colombian/kəˈlʌmbiən/

اهل کلمبیا کلمبیایی

اسم

They found two more body parts last night and they don't match up with any of the earlier ones unless some Colombian had three legs.
The separation of the Colombian republic into its three original parts took place in 1830, and in 1834 the foreign debt contracted was divided among the three, Venezuela being charged with 282%, or £2,794,826, of which £906,430 were arrears of interest.

72

Costa Rican/ˌkoʊstə ˈriːkən/

اهل کاستاریکا

اسم

73

Ecuadorian/ˌekwəˈdɔːriən/

اهل اکوادور اکوادوری

اسم

A disagreement with Peru in 1828 resulted in the invasion of Ecuador and the temporary occupation of Cuenca and Guayaquil by Peruvian forces; but peace was restored in the following year after the Ecuadorian victory at Tarqui.
To this end the transfer of the vessel was made to Ecuador, and she proceeded to Ecuadorian waters.

74

Egyptian/ɪˈʤɪpʃən/

اهل مصر

اسم

Again, the heretical Egyptian king Amenophis IV.
Educated at Leipzig and Berlin, he became extraordinary professor in 1883 and ordinary professor in 1892 of Egyptology in the university of Berlin, and in 1885 he was appointed director of the Egyptian department of the royal museum.

75

British/ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

بریتانیایی انگلیسی

اسم

Megan spoke with a gentle British lilt, and her dark eyes took in everything as they walked.
"Ully, you're not supposed to be down here!" she called without turning in a distinct British accent.

76

Greece/gris/

یونان

اسم

The most famous adytum in Greece was in the temple of Apollo at Delphi.
I read the histories of Greece, Rome and the United States.

77

Greek/grik/

اهل یونان یونانی

اسم

Even Greek can be embossed in it, as you know.
It is an antique style, older than Greek or Egyptian.

78

Iraqi/ɪˈræki/

عراقی

صفت

There seems no realistic prospect of shifting the burden of fighting to Iraqi or other allies.
Her gentle demeanor reveals nothing of the brutality she experienced at the hands of Iraqi prison guards.

79

Iraq/ɪˈræk/

عراق

اسم

Few seas are more prolific in fish than the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; the great proportion of known species are edible and many have a commercial value for the isinglass or oil Shelly conglomerates and dead coral reefs of the littoral; red sandhills of the coast of Trucial Oman; alluvium of Turkish Iraq; river and lake deposits of Oman and the interior of Persia.
The reaction of the American public to the invasion of Iraq reveals a startling ambivalence to war in contemporary times.

80

Jamaican/dʒəˈmeɪkən/

فرد جامایکایی اهل جامایکا

اسم

Yet even then he considered that the true leaders of the people were a peer and a dean, and there was no real inconsistency in the fact that at a later period he was among the most strenuous defenders of Governor Eyre in the measures adopted by him to put down the Jamaican disturbances.
As a result of the transfer of Jamaica to England, the population of Cuba was greatly augmented by Jamaican immigrants to about 30,000 in the middle of the 17th century.

81

Mexican/ˈmɛksəkən/

اهل مکزیک مکزیکی

اسم

It's a descendant of the Mexican earless goat.
The Main Street Mexican restaurant was uncrowded on this winter evening.

82

Moroccan/məˈrɑkən/

مراکشی [وابسته به مراکش و مردم آن]

صفت

In 1901 and again in 1905 the marquis de Segonzac, a Frenchman, made extensive journeys in the Moroccan ranges.
Delcasse had come to a secret understanding with Spain on the Moroccan question, and had established an understanding with England.

83

Panama/ˈpænəmɑː/

پاناما

اسم

from Colon, and of the Panama Canal.
In the next year (March - April) he inspected the Panama Canal and also visited Cuba and Porto Rico.

84

Panamanian/ˌpænəˈmeɪniən/

اهل پاناما فرد پانامایی

اسم

Panamanian Company dissolution A formal voluntary dissolution of the company is allowed at any time.
tortoiseshell jewelry in blatant violation of Panamanian law.

85

Peruvian/pəˈruːviən/

اهل پرو پرویی

اسم

long., where the Peruvian section ends.
Iquique was an insignificant Peruvian fishing settlement until 1830 when the export of nitrate began.

86

Poland/ˈpoʊlənd/

(کشور) لهستان

اسم

Having made an alliance with Christian II., king of Denmark, and interfered to protect the Teutonic Order against Sigismund I., king of Poland, Maximilian was again in Italy early in 1516 fighting the French who had overrun Milan.
After being educated at Cracow, he made the grand tour with his brother Mark and returned to Poland in 1648.

87

polish/ˈpɑlɪʃ/

لهستانی [وابسته به لهستان و مردم آن]

صفت

"Fingernail polish?" she parroted again.
This ill-timed parsimony reacted injuriously upon Polish politics.

shine  wax  buff  rub up  rub down
gloss

88

Saudi Arabia/ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə/

عربستان سعودی

اسم

89

Saudi/ˈsaʊdi/

اهل عربستان سعودی

اسم

The prince publicly reprimand a few of the Saudi staff to ensure the message gets across to them all.
abducted the children from their home in England, taking them to Saudi Arabia in contempt of court.

90

South Korean/saʊθ kɔˈriən/

اهل کره جنوبی

اسم

91

United Arab Emirates/juˈnaɪtəd ˈærəb ˈɛmərəts/

امارات متحده عربی امارات

اسم

92

Emirati/emɪˈrɑːti/

اماراتی اهل امارات

اسم

93

Venezuela/ˌvenəˈzweɪlə/

ونزوئلا

اسم

CUMANA, a city and port of Venezuela, capital of the state of Bermudez, situated on the Manzanares river about i m.
- The climate of Venezuela is everywhere tropical except where modified by altitude.

94

Venezuelan/ˌvenəˈzweɪlən/

ونزوئلایی

صفت

CARACAS, the principal city and the capital of the United States of Venezuela, situated at the western extremity of an elevated valley of the Venezuelan Coast Range known as the plain of Chacao, 62 m.
No effort is made to improve the Venezuelan product, a part of which is exported to Cuba for cigar making.

95

Vietnam/ˌvjetˈnæm/

ویتنام

اسم

More Sellotape was used in the wrapping of Mr John than was used by front-line troops in the Vietnam War.
Subsequently, birth defects as a result of exposure to Agent Orange, the U.S. defoliant used in Vietnam, and radiation exposure near the site of the Chernobyl disaster in Russia have left numerous children with malformed or absent limbs.

96

Vietnamese/ˌvjetnəˈmiːz/

ویتنامی

صفت

At any rate, Action Committees were created by the Vietnamese communists for some years.
This would include furniture with Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese influences.



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