درس 10


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

laboratory/ˈlæb.rəˌtɔːr.i/

آزمایشگاه

اسم

After introductions, Dean was led to a laboratory in the rear of the building.
His first acquaintance with chemistry was gained as laboratory boy to an apothecary in Rouen (1777-1779), and after various vicissitudes he obtained an introduction to A.

2

scientist/ˈsɑɪ.ən.tɪst/

دانشمند

اسم

The scientist hopped up with a cheerful salute.
Like a mad scientist in a lab.

researcher, technologist
boffin

3

blood donor/ˈblʌd doʊnər/

اهدا کننده خون

اسم

4

research/rɪˈsɜrtʃ/

پژوهش تحقیق

اسم

investigation  experimentation  testing  exploration  analysis

5

scientific/ˌsɑɪ.ənˈtɪf.ɪk/

علمی

صفت

His scientific jubilee was celebrated in Paris in 1901.
All scientific material from the past is making its way online.

technological  technical
research-based  factual  knowledge-based  empirical
chemical

6

inhale/ɪnˈheɪl/

استنشاق کردن نفس کشیدن، هوا به ریه فرو بردن

فعل

breathe in  draw in  suck in  sniff in  gasp

7

geographer/dʒiˈɑːɡrəfər/

جغرافیدان

اسم

The city of Kano appears on the map of the Arab geographer, Idrisi, A.D.
In the 10th century an Arab geographer described it as the great port of Palestine and the emporium of the Hejaz.

8

side effects/ˈsaɪd ɪfekts/

عوارض جانبی

اسم

9

hunger strike/ˈhʌŋɡər straɪk/

اعتصاب غذا

اسم

10

give and take/gɪv ænd teɪk/

بده بستان

عبارت

compromise  concession
cooperation  reciprocity  teamwork  interplay
adaptability

11

geographic/ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk/

جغرافیایی [وابسته به جغرافیا]

صفت

Geographic isolation has somewhat fostered state industries.
The learned societies of Washington are to a large degree more national than local in their character; among them are: the Washington Academy of Sciences (1898), a "federal head" of most of the societies mentioned below; the Anthropological Society (founded 1879; incorporated 1887), which has published Transactions (1879 sqq., with the co-operation of the Smithsonian Institution) and The American Anthropologist (1888-1898; since 1898 published by the American Anthropological Association); the National Geographic Society (1888), which since 1903 has occupied the Hubbard Memorial Building, which sent scientific expeditions to Alaska, Mont Pelee and La Souffriere, and which publishes the National Geographic Magazine (1888 sqq.), National Geographic Monographs (1895) and various special maps; the Philosophical Society of Washington (1871; incorporated 1901), devoted especially to mathematical and physical sciences; the Biological Society (1880), which publishes Proceedings (1880 sqq.); the Botanical Society of Washington (1901); the Geological Society of Washington (1893): the Entomological Society of Washington (1884), which publishes Proceedings (1884 sqq.); the Chemical Society (1884); the Records of the Past Exploration Society (1901), which publishes Records of the Past (1902 sqq.); the Southern History Association (1896), which issues Publications (1897 sqq.); the Society for Philosophical Inquiry (1893), which publishes Memoirs (1893 sqq.); the Society of American Foresters (1900), which publishes Proceedings (1905 sqq.); and the Cosmos Club.

12

science/ˈsɑɪ.əns/

علوم

اسم

Does any section of science consider time travel a possibility?
Groups of people will do science this same way.

branch of knowledge  body of facts  body of information  body of knowledge  area of study

13

invasion/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/

اشغال هجوم، تاخت و تاز

اسم

In April 1831 William took the command of a Dutch army for the invasion of Belgium, and in a ten-days' campaign defeated and dispersed the Belgian forces under Leopold I.
It seemed an invasion of his privacy, but he had insisted that it was now all theirs, not his.

occupation  conquering  capture  seizure  annexation

14

test/test/

آزمون امتحان، آزمایش، تست

اسم

A test tube baby?
We conducted one more test before lunch.

trial  experiment  pilot study  try-out
check  examination

15

geography/dʒiːˈɑg.rə.fi/

جغرافیا جغرافی

اسم

The geography of Northern Italy is described in several popular guide books.
From his sixth to his ninth year he was given over to the care of learned foreigners, who taught him history, geography, mathematics and French.

16

theory/ˈθɪri/

نظریه

اسم

The findings are discussed in the context of a competing theory.
Chaos and complexity can both be viewed as a theory of formal social systems.

hypothesis  thesis  conjecture  supposition  speculation

17

prove/pruv/

ثابت کردن اثبات کردن

فعل

I'm not asking you to prove anything.
There's no point in being uncomfortable just so you can prove what a macho man you are.

demonstrate  show  show beyond doubt  show to be true  manifest

18

carry out/ˈkæri aʊt/

انجام دادن اجرا کردن، عملی کردن

فعل

19

make a speech/meɪk ə spiʧ/

سخنرانی کردن

عبارت

20

pharmaceutical/ˌfɑːrməˈsuːtɪkl/

دارویی داروسازی

صفت

He was brought up to the business of a pharmaceutical chemist.
being here - in a part of the city known as "Ampere") and pharmaceutical materials.

21

quote/kwoʊt/

نقل قول کردن اعلام کردن

فعل

recite  repeat  say again  reproduce  restate

22

discovery/dɪˈskʌv.ə.ri/

اکتشاف کشف

اسم

She stared at the discovery in her hands.
This discovery excited him.

finding  locating  location  uncovering  unearthing
finding out

23

sacred/ˈseɪkrəd/

مقدس

صفت

There was something sacred about his trust in her.
I consider it a sacred duty to fulfill that person's wishes.

holy  hallowed  blessed  blest  consecrated

24

volunteer/ˌvɑlənˈtɪr/

داوطلب داوطلبانه

اسم

offer  tender  proffer  present  put forward

25

chemist/ˈkem.əst/

شیمی‌دان

اسم

Klaproth was the leading chemist of his time in Germany.
The second examination qualifies for registration as a chemist and druggist.

26

drug/drʌg/

دارو

اسم

Would he try to drug them as he had Elisabeth?
When there's a major drug buy, nobody trusts anyone else—especially face to face.

medicine  medical drug  medication  medicament
remedy  cure

27

ups and downs/ʌps ænd daʊnz/

بالا و پایین خوبی و بدی

عبارت

vicissitudes  uncertainties  inconstancy  instability  unpredictability

28

sacrifice/ˈsækrəˌfaɪs/

فدا کردن قربانی کردن

فعل

I admire the effort and sacrifice you put into it.
This sacrifice was the least he could do for his friend.

ritual slaughter  hecatomb  immolation  offering  oblation
self-sacrifice

29

lead poisoning/lid ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ/

مسمومیت سرب

اسم

30

clinical/ˈklɪnɪkl/

پزشکی بالینی

صفت

In the clinical field also it has received a great enlargement.
1843) found an adequate field for the clinical and pathological parts of their work.

detached  impersonal  dispassionate  objective  uninvolved

31

surrender/səˈrendər/

تسلیم شدن

فعل

She'd never felt a surrender like his.
I said a creature who has never known peace will surrender unconditionally when he tastes it for the first time.

capitulate  give in  give up  give oneself up  yield

32

lethal/ˈliːθl/

مهلک کشنده، مرگبار

صفت

The Watcher took a step back at his lethal tone.
"You get one warning," he said in a tone far more lethal than he'd ever used with her.

fatal  deadly  mortal  causing death  death-dealing

33

chemical/ˈkem.ə.kəl/

شیمیایی

صفت

The chemical smell suggested they were going in the right direction.
The advances were not merely mechanical but chemical as well.

34

trial/ˈtraɪəl/

آزمایش امتحان

اسم

He was sent for trial and condemned to hard labor, I believe.
He would simply have to learn by trial and error.

court case  case  lawsuit  suit  hearing

35

dose/doʊs/

مقدار (دارو) دوز

اسم

The dose of the root is from 60 to 90 grains.
They got a dose of radiation poisoning.

amount  quantity  measure  portion  dosage

36

chemistry/ˈkem.ə.stri/

شیمی خواص شیمیایی

اسم

I think it's something about my body chemistry that they don't like.
The transformations of these two forms are discussed in Chemistry: Physical.

37

law and order/lɔ ænd ˈɔrdər/

نظم و قانون (احترام به نظم و قانون توسط جامعه)

اسم

38

nuclear/ˈnuː.kliː.ər/

هسته‌ای

صفت

World War II ushered in the age of nuclear weapons.
Is it OK to dump nuclear waste in the ocean?

39

biologist/baɪˈɑləʤɪst/

زیست‌شناس

اسم

To the evolutionary biologist brain is apt to appear to be the crowning object of knowledge.
1857), whose first works of importance date from 1878, was long uncertain as to the direction of his powers; he was poet, novelist, moralist and biologist in one; at length he settled down into line with the new realistic school, and produced in 1882 a satirical novel of manners which had a great success, The Disciple of the Teutons.

40

safe and sound/seɪf ænd saʊnd/

امن و امان صحیح و سالم

عبارت

41

radiation/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/

تشعشع تابش، پرتوافکنی

اسم

They got a dose of radiation poisoning.
We've gotta treat as many people as we can who are suffering from radiation poisoning.

42

biological/ˌbɑɪ.əˈlɑdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

زیستی بیولوژیکی

صفت

He's not your biological father?
It was time to accept that they would never have biological children.

biotic  biologic  organic  living
botanic  botanical

43

sooner or later/ˈsunər ɔr ˈleɪtər/

دیر یا زود

قید

44

biology/bɑɪˈɑl.ə.dʒi/

زیست شناسی

اسم

You need to have a basic understanding of how things work in biology.
The optical properties of sea-water are of immediate importance in biology, as they affect the penetration of sunlight into the depths.

45

physicist/ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

فیزیکدان

اسم

Poggendorff was a physicist of high although not of the very highest rank.
Dalton, who was a mathematical physicist even more than a chemist, had given much thought to the study of gases.

46

physical/ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl/

جسمی فیزیکی

صفت

The process causes physical difficulty and effort.
I sense physical weakness.

bodily  corporeal  corporal  fleshly  in the flesh
somatic
manual

47

anesthetic/ˌænəˈsθɛtɪk/

(داروی) بی‌حس‌کننده (داروی) بیهوش‌کننده

اسم

The doctor will begin by injecting a local anesthetic in order to examine the wound thoroughly without causing additional pain to the child.
humane killing by anesthetic overdose.

narcotic  soporific  stupefacient  painkiller  sedative

48

more or less/mɔr ɔr lɛs/

کم و بیش تقریبا

قید

approximately  roughly  nearly  almost  close to

49

apartheid/əˈpɑːrtaɪt/

آپارتاید جدانژادی (از اشکالی تبعیض نژادی)

اسم

The Apartheid caused there to be segregation in the schools between different races.
Indaba is a fairly new brand that began with the demolition of apartheid.

50

physics/ˈfɪz.ɪks/

فیزیک

اسم

His whole theory appears to be vitiated by the confusion of physics and psychology.
This makes a great deal of sense: If nutrition isn't governed by universal laws (as physics is) and instead affects different people differently, then the way you will know certain things is by learning through trial and error, through your own experience.

51

once or twice/wʌns ɔr twaɪs/

چند دفعه یک یا دو بار

قید

52

geneticist/dʒəˈnetɪsɪst/

متخصص ژنتیک نسل‌شناس، ژنتیک‌شناس

اسم

A neighboring farmer and cat-lover, William Ross, perhaps hearing a distinct "ka-ching" in his head, got one of the kittens and teamed up with a geneticist and began a careful breeding program.
An experienced geneticist may recognize subtle differences in facial characteristics.

53

battle/ˈbæt̬.əl/

نبرد جنگ

اسم

The battle was lost.
The battle over humanity was about to get even more brutal.

fight  conflict  armed conflict  clash  struggle

54

odds and ends/ɑdz ænd ɛndz/

خرت و پرت آت و آشغال، چیزهای متنوع و کوچک

عبارت

bits and pieces  bits and bobs  bits  pieces  stuff

55

experiment/ɪkˈsper.ə.mənt/

آزمایش

اسم

I shut down my experiment at six o'clock.
Quinn's experiment is very important to him.

test  investigation  trial  inquiry  demonstration
examination

56

genetics/dʒəˈnet̬.ɪks/

(علم) ژنتیک ژن‌شناسی

اسم

Kim Kardashian, most notable for her role in a sex tape with her boyfriend Ray-J, has been rumored to have buttock implants, however some in the plastic surgery community argue that her ample asset may just be a case of genetics.
Some theories about the causes of autism look to environmental factors while others focus on genetics as the source of the developmental disorders, and others see a possible combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.

57

now and then/naʊ ænd ðɛn/

گاهی گهگاه، برخی اوقات

قید

58

blood transfusion/ˈblʌd trænsfjuːʒn/

انتقال خون

اسم

59

guinea pig/ˈɡɪni pɪɡ/

موش آزمایشگاهی [انسان یا حیوانی که روی آن آزمایش انجام می‌شود]

اسم

60

go on/goʊ ɑn/

ادامه دادن از سر گرفتن

فعل

last  continue  carry on  run on  proceed
endure

61

genetic/ʤəˈnɛtɪk/

ژنتیکی (زیست شناسی) [وابسته به ژنتیک]

صفت

This is a form of genetic modification.
Today, genetic modification efforts are much more directed.



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