درس 2


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

brand/brænd/

نشان تجاری برند

اسم

She grabbed the note pad and wrote a brand name and quantity.
They moved into a brand new building a couple of months back.

make  line  label  marque
type  kind

2

paddle/ˈpædl/

پارو زدن

فعل

Had a heavy wooden door with a big ol' paddle lock.
The steamers are flatbottomed paddle boats drawing 3 ft.

oar  scull  sweep  blade  spoon

3

inherit/ɪnˈherɪt/

به ارث بردن

فعل

"And who will inherit his wealth?" he added in a whisper.
While not as thin as her mother, you could tell she would inherit her mother's height.

become heir to  fall heir to  come by  come into  be bequeathed

4

headmaster/ˌhedˈmæstər/

مدیر مدرسه

اسم

Scott, afterwards headmaster of Westminster.
Mortimer as headmaster of the City of London school in 1865 at the early age of twentysix.

5

risky/ˈrɪs.ki/

پرمخاطره ریسک‌دار

صفت

That would be less risky and make more sense.
It was far too risky for him to even attempt it.

dangerous  fraught with danger  high-risk  hazardous  perilous

6

invest/ɪnˈvɛst/

سرمایه‌گذاری کردن

فعل

Now I must invest in a new vehicle.
One of his first acts was to invest the emperor Charles VI.

put money into  sink money into  lay out money on  plough money into
provide capital for  spend money on

7

worth/wɜrθ/

(دارای) ارزش قیمت (داشتن)

صفت

That was worth the wait.
Whatever the case, it certainly wasn't worth arguing about.

value  financial value  monetary value  price  asking price

8

principal/ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/

مدیر مدرسه

اسم

The principal part of the city lies between these two streams, with its great plaza in the centre.
Sanford of the Inquirer, the principal Unitarian organ.

main  chief  primary  leading  foremost

9

forward/ˈfɔːr.wərd/

(رو به) جلو

قید

She stepped forward and hugged him.
She stepped forward and pulled the newspaper down with one hand.

ahead  forwards  onwards  onward  on

10

charge/tʃɑːrdʒ/

(هزینه) مطالبه کردن پول گرفتن

فعل

Before she could object, Kiki took charge again.
I will be in charge of your initiation.

ask in payment  ask  fix a charge  fix a price  impose

11

hilarious/hɪˈlɛriəs/

(خیلی) خنده‌دار

صفت

There's something completely hilarious but also slightly disturbing about seeing dozens upon dozens of crab legs shaking about in the air.The scale at which the game progresses is an amazing thing to behold.
While many women are familiar with waxing as a hair removal technique, a lot of men have no knowledge of it outside of that hilarious (if not painful) scene in the film The 40 Year-Old Virgin with Steve Carrell.

very funny  extremely amusing  hysterically funny  hysterical  uproarious

12

furious/ˈfjʊr.iː.əs/

خشمگین بسیار عصبانی

صفت

Now Alex is furious with me.
He threw himself down and squeezed his head, furious at his own weakness.

enraged  raging  infuriated  very angry  inflamed

13

credit card/ˈkred.ɪtˌkɑrd/

کارت اعتباری

اسم

14

live off/lɪv ɔf/

از لحاظ مالی وابسته کسی بودن وابسته به منبع درآمد بخصوصی بودن، از کسی یا جایی کسب درآمد کردن

فعل

15

ATM/ˌeɪ tiː ˈem/

دستگاه خودپرداز عابربانک

اسم

Just doing one atm - shall tag you, tho don't feel under any obligation!
Have your transaction, including any deposit envelopes, ready before you get to the ATM.

16

self-made/ˌself ˈmeɪd/

خودساخته متکی به خود

صفت

It was natural that these self-made of desprinces should seek to secure the peace which pollsm.
She could find no negative remarks about the self-made man.

17

sponsor/ˈspɑːnsər/

حمایت مالی کردن اسپانسر شدن

فعل

You want me to find her a sponsor and bring her in?
Swithhelm, the successor of Sigeberht, was on terms of friendship with the East Anglian royal house, King ZEthelwald being his sponsor at his baptism by Cedd.

backer  patron  promoter  subsidizer  benefactor

18

cash/kæʃ/

پول نقد

اسم

money  ready cash  ready money  currency  legal tender

19

tiny/ˈtɑɪ.ni/

کوچک بسیار اندک، بسیار ریز

صفت

Some are very tiny and some are very large.
Even the tiny rose petal lips looked pale.

minute  small-scale  scaled-down  mini  baby

20

wealthy/ˈwɛlθi/

ثروتمند پولدار، غنی

صفت

I think he's wealthy... his house is beautiful.
Is he as wealthy as you?

rich  affluent  moneyed  cash rich  well off

21

live on/lɪv ɑn/

(با میزان معینی پول) زندگی کردن

فعل

22

bill/bɪl/

صورتحساب قبض

اسم

I paid the electric and water bill this week.
He called for his bill and paid it.

invoice  account  statement  list of charges  tally
amount due
check
the damage
tab
shot
reckoning

23

blister/ˈblɪstər/

تاول

اسم

In fine work the apex of the blister is ground off before the linal hammering.
For long all the best high-carbon steel was made by remelting this blister steel in crucibles (§ 106), but in the last few years the electric processes have begun to make this steel (§ 108).

bleb  bulla  pustule  vesicle  vesication

24

exhausted/ɪgˈzɑstəd/

خسته و کوفته به شدت خسته

صفت

She was exhausted but couldn't sleep.
"You must be exhausted after your weekend," he said.

tired out  worn out  weary  dog-tired  bone-tired

25

charity/ˈʧɛrɪti/

خیریه (موسسه و سازمان) صدقه

اسم

You must have a genius for charity as well as for anything else.
Objects of charity are not guests.

non-profit-making organization  non-profit organization  not-for-profit organization  voluntary organization  charitable institution
fund

26

mortgage/ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒ/

وام مسکن

اسم

They were originally of the nature of mortgage bonds on the national lands.
A married man may not sell or mortgage a homestead without his wife's consent.

27

enormous/ɪˈnɔrməs/

عظیم خیلی بزرگ

صفت

The earth has an enormous molten core that contains vast amounts of energy.
Distributed computing makes enormous computational problems affordable to solve.

huge  vast  extensive  expansive  broad

28

customer/ˈkʌs.tə.mər/

مشتری

اسم

They suggest other products a customer might be interested in.
More and more data about each customer will be available.

shopper  consumer  buyer  purchaser
patron  client
regular

29

lend/lɛnd/

قرض دادن

فعل

You want to lend me them glasses, Bordeaux?
Lend a hand... will you?

loan  give someone the loan of  let someone use  let someone have the use of
advance
sub
add  impart

30

cost/kɔːst/

هزینه داشتن قیمت داشتن

فعل

It must have cost a fortune!
That must have cost you a pretty penny.

price  asking price  market price  selling price  fee

31

fantastic/fænˈtæs.tɪk/

خارق‌العاده عالی، بسیار خوب

صفت

"It was fantastic!" he pronounced.
The buildings were usually battlemented in fantastic form.

fanciful  extravagant  extraordinary  irrational  wild

32

freezing/ˈfriː.zɪŋ/

منجمد بسیار سرد

صفت

It's freezing in here!
Governments respond to that inflation by freezing prices.

bitterly cold  cold  chill  chilling  frosty

33

salary/ˈsæl.ə.ri/

حقوق

اسم

There was a position open at a private home, but the salary had to be wrong.
He named his salary, a figure that surprised Dean.

pay  earnings  remuneration  fee  fees

34

owe/oʊ/

بدهکار بودن مدیون بودن

فعل

I think you owe me an explanation.
I owe you an apology.

35

filthy/ˈfɪlθi/

(خیلی) کثیف کثافت

صفت

Under the hat, her hair was filthy and matted.
I called her a filthy dog.

36

raise/reɪz/

(پول) جمع کردن

فعل

I can raise the baby...
It looks like a fine place to raise children.

37

cash machine/ˈkæʃ.məˌʃiːn/

دستگاه خودپرداز عابر بانک

اسم

38

foot the bill/fʊt ðə bɪl/

پول چیزی را حساب کردن صورتحساب را پرداختن کردن

جمله

39

entrepreneurial/ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːriəl/

کارآفرین

صفت

Micro-lending is not new; the idea of small loans to the entrepreneurial poor is centuries old.
In 1997 she won the East Anglian entrepreneurial businesswoman of the Year.

businessman  businesswoman  business person  business executive  enterpriser

40

coin/kɔɪn/

سکه

اسم

She pulled out her coin purse.
117138), to which the silver coin found on the floor belongs, as the date of its foundation.

piece  bit
coins  coinage  coin of the realm  change

41

boiling/ˈbɔɪ.lɪŋ/

بسیار گرم

صفت

at boiling point  at 100 degrees Celsius  at 100 degrees centigrade
steaming  bubbling  gurgling

42

shopping spree/ˈʃɑpɪŋ spri/

دوره خرید ولخرجی و خرید بیش از حد در زمانی کوتاه

اسم

43

terrified/ˈter.ə.fɑɪd/

وحشت‌زده وحشت داشتن

صفت

You're brave, but you're terrified as well.
He's helped all of them somehow, though he terrified me the time I did meet him.

petrified  scared stiff  frightened out of one's wits  scared out of one's wits  scared witless

44

positive/ˈpɑz.ət̬.ɪv/

مطمئن

صفت

Think positive, and pray.
I'm positive she didn't notice us the first time.

affirmative  favourable  approving  in the affirmative  good

45

delicious/dɪˈlɪʃ.əs/

خوشمزه لذیذ

صفت

Delicious dark chocolate eyes twinkled with mirth.
"That smells delicious," I complimented.

mouth-watering  appetizing  tasty  flavoursome  flavourful

46

amazed/əˈmeɪzd/

متحیر شگفت‌زده، حیرت‌زده

صفت

I was amazed at his reaction to a simple compliment.
Dean was amazed at the size of the crowd.

astonished  astounded  staggered  surprised  startled

47

earn/ɜrn/

(پول) در آوردن درآمد داشتن

فعل

I did not earn it.
Janet says I got to earn my keep.

be paid  receive a salary of  take home  take home earnings of  gross
receive

48

starving/ˈstɑrv.ɪŋ/

بسیار گرسنه

صفت

Their men were practically starving, though their rearguard showed a brave front.
So it's you who's starving us to death!

dying of hunger  dying from lack of food  faint from lack of food  deprived of food  undernourished

49

borrow/ˈbɑr.oʊ/

قرض گرفتن

فعل

Sarah, can I borrow your Lexus?
I need to borrow Andre.

take as a loan  ask for the loan of  receive as a loan  use temporarily  have temporarily
lease

50

tax/tæks/

مالیات

اسم

Okay. Good luck with the tax stuff.
"This is like jailing Al Capone for tax evasion," Damian said.

levy  tariff  duty  toll  excise

51

save/seɪv/

جمع کردن (پول) پس انداز کردن

فعل

You have a chance to save yourself.
He did save your life, you know.

rescue  come to someone's rescue  save someone's life  come to someone's aid
set free  free

52

consumer/kənˈsuːmər/

مصرف‌کننده

اسم

There was a rising worldwide consumption of consumer goods.
The gas is distributed to the consumer from the wells in wrought-iron pipes, ranging in diameter from 20 in.

purchaser  buyer  customer  shopper
user  end user
client

53

free/friː/

رایگان مجانی

قید

Hey, I really am free this time.
You can spend it with a free conscience.

without charge  free of charge  for nothing  complimentary  gratis

54

rich/rɪtʃ/

ثروتمند

صفت

The rich have always had this luxury.
If I had, I'd be a rich man, wouldn't I?

wealthy  affluent  moneyed  cash rich  well off

55

take out/teɪk aʊt/

برداشت کردن (پول از بانک)

فعل

56

cynical/ˈsɪnɪkəl/

بدبین بدگمان، منفی‌نگر

صفت

He was cynical about politicians' promises on taxes.
You don't have a cynical bone in your body.

sceptical  doubtful  distrustful  suspicious  disbelieving

57

kayak/ˈkaɪæk/

کایاک قایق پارویی اسکیموها

اسم

The Athapascan covered all north-western Canada with his open and portable birch-bark canoe, somewhat resembling the kayak in finish.
Commencing in the Arctic region, the Eskimo in his kayak, consisting of a framework of driftwood or bone covered with dressed sealskin, could paddle down east Greenland, up the west shore to Smith Sound, along Baffin Land and Labrador, and the shores of Hudson Bay throughout insular Canada and the Alaskan coast, around to Mount St Elias, and for many miles on the eastern shore of Asia.

58

excited/ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/

هیجان‌زده

صفت

He'd been so excited about his phone.
I'm too excited to remember!

thrilled  exhilarated  elevated  animated  enlivened

59

material/məˈtɪriəl/

مادی

صفت

All scientific material from the past is making its way online.
She collected a handful of the material in modest protest.

matter  substance  stuff  medium
constituent  raw material

60

waste/weɪst/

هدر دادن تلف کردن

فعل

What a waste of five years.
Gabe didn't waste time.

squander  fritter away  misspend  misuse  spend recklessly

61

ache/eɪk/

درد

اسم

The ache deep within her started again.
The ache within her deepened at the idea of trusting someone for the first time in her life, and the energy flowing between them grew more intense.

pain  dull pain  pang  twinge  throb
gnawing

62

offensive/əˈfen.sɪv/

توهین‌آمیز

صفت

We must respect their traditions, no matter how offensive they are.
It was decided therefore to abandon offensive operations.

insulting  rude  derogatory  disrespectful  hurtful

63

holiday/ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

روز تعطیل تعطیلی، مناسبت

اسم

The holiday weekend passed pleasantly.
He was one of the founders of the Rochdale Literary and Philosophical Society, took a leading part in its debates, and on returning from a holiday journey in the East, gave the society a lecture on his travels.

break  rest  period of leave  day off  week off

64

loan/loʊn/

وام

اسم

credit  advance
mortgage  overdraft
debenture
lending  moneylending  advancing
sub
lend

65

low-paying/loʊ-ˈpeɪɪŋ/

کم هزینه ارزان قیمت

صفت

66

target/ˈtɑrgət/

هدف

اسم

She focused on the target, a plate above the hearth.
It'll make a good target for your enemies.

mark  bullseye  goal  aim
prey  quarry

67

pay back/peɪ bæk/

پس دادن (پول) بازپرداخت کردن

فعل

68

fee/fiː/

دستمزد هزینه

اسم

He is remunerated for his services by a fixed fee for each day the court sits.
On the separation of the offices of bishop and abbot in 1122, the abbot's fee was carved out of the bishop's manor, but did not include the town.

payment  emolument  wage  salary  allowance

69

vacation/veɪˈkeɪʃən/

مرخصی تعطیلات

اسم

This was a vacation, not an isolation camp.
Maybe this vacation would give them some much needed time together.

holiday  holidays  trip  tour  break

70

melt/mɛlt/

آب شدن ذوب شدن

فعل

She'll melt when she sees you.
This pond has no stream passing through it to melt or wear away the ice.

liquefy  thaw  unfreeze  defrost  soften

71

backer/ˈbækər/

حامی پشتیبان

اسم

For full bibliography see De Backer and C. Sommervogel, Bibliotheque de la Cie.
de Backer, Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de Jesus (ed.

sponsor  investor  subsidizer  underwriter  promoter

72

rejection/rɪˈdʒekʃn/

عدم پذیرش رد

اسم

"He said you don't deal with rejection well," she said sweetly.
Xander braced himself, waiting for the rejection he knew would come.

refusal  non-acceptance  declining  turning down  no

73

lorry/ˈlɔri/

کامیون

اسم

articulated lorry well alight.
broken-down lorry on the North Circular.

truck
juggernaut

74

afford/əˈfɔːrd/

بضاعت داشتن وسع مالی داشتن

فعل

Could they afford to buy a van?
We couldn't afford an apartment right now - even with the two of us.

pay for  bear the expense of  meet the expense of  spare the price of  have the money for

75

billionaire/ˌbɪljəˈnɛr/

میلیاردر

اسم

"You don't sound dull," Katie replied, suspecting Deidre was the daughter of some billionaire with a corporation spanning the world.
He became the youngest billionaire at the age of 31.

76

truck/trʌk/

کامیون

اسم

lorry  articulated lorry  heavy goods vehicle  juggernaut
van  pickup

77

salesman/ˈseɪlz.mən/

فروشنده مرد

اسم

The salesman heartily agreed.
The salesman nodded vigorously.



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