درس 4


ردیف

واژه

معنی

نقش گرامری

1

fundamentally/ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəli/

اساسا

قید

It is fundamentally necessary, in order to avoid such floundering, that the "knowledge" of things sensible should be kept distinct from the "knowledge" of things spiritual; yet in practice they are constantly confused.
This fact, by itself, would go far to prove that the civilization continued fundamentally and essentially the same throughout.

basically  elementally  radically
structurally  organically  constitutionally

2

contemporary/kənˈtɛmpəˌrɛri/

معاصر

صفت

Contemporary artists were selected.
There was a reading of contemporary poetry.

contemporaneous  concurrent  coeval  synchronous  synchronic

3

newsstand/ˈnuzˌstænd/

دکه روزنامه‌فروشی کیوسک روزنامه فروشی

اسم

Go to a bookstore or newsstand and buy one of each before settling on which to subscribe to.
There was no way to know about updates without checking yourself - like going to a newsstand to see if the latest issue of your favorite comic book had been released yet.

4

update/əpˈdeɪt/

به روزرسانی اطلاعات (جدید)، ارتقا

اسم

I'll update your address list virtually over the next few years.
"Update on the tears," he directed.

modernize  bring up to date  bring into the twenty-first century  renovate  refurbish

5

biography/baɪˈɑgrəfi/

زندگینامه

اسم

A biography was published by Le Laboureur, Histoire du mareschal de Guebriant, in 1656.
There is no good modern biography of Maecenas.

life story  life history  life  memoir  profile

6

biographical/ˌbaɪəˈgræfɪkəl/

زندگی‌نامه‌ای [وابسته به زندگی‌نامه]

صفت

The biographical anecdotes relating to him during the next few years are obscure and mostly apocryphal.
See biographical notices by A.

7

pop-up ad/pɑp-ʌp æd/

تبلیغ بالاپر

اسم

8

out/ɑʊt/

منتشر (شده) موجود

صفت

not here  not at home  not in  gone away  away

9

sell out/sɛl aʊt/

کامل به فروش رفتن کامل فروخته شدن

فعل

have none left  be out of stock of  have run out of  have sold all one's …
be fresh out of  be cleaned out of
be bought up

10

concentration/ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən/

تمرکز

اسم

Jackson lost concentration in remembering her.
The place of concentration was Arisbe on the Hellespont.

close attention  close thought  attentiveness  application  industry

11

impact/ˈɪmpækt/

تاثیر اثر

اسم

He was realizing the impact the lie had on their relationship.
The impact knocked her back.

collision  crash  smash  clash  bump

12

memoir/ˈmɛmˌwɑr/

شرح حال

اسم

A memoir of his life by his eldest son appeared in 1834.
Stevenson's well-known Memoir is a sympathetic tribute to his ability and character.

account  historical account  history  record  chronicle

13

curl up/kɜrl ʌp/

خود را جمع کردن چنبره زدن

فعل

14

trash/træʃ/

چیز مزخرف چیز بی‌ارزش، چیز بی‌کیفیت

اسم

You don't trash a marriage the first time an obstacle comes along.
A trash bag was the highest-tech object Borlaug had.

rubbish  waste  waste material  refuse  litter

15

inspire/ɪnˈspaɪr/

الهام بخشیدن

فعل

These passages inspire a hope, but do not sustain a certainty.
Carmen must be quite a woman to inspire such admiration from Katie.

stimulate  motivate  cause  incline  persuade

16

warning/ˈwɔːr.nɪŋ/

هشدار آگاهی، اطلاع

اسم

"I'm warning you," she said again, backing away.
Len shot Howard a warning look.

notice  advance notice  a word of warning  forewarning  alert
hint

17

SUV/ˌes juː ˈviː/

خودروی شاسی‌بلند اس‌‌یووی

اسم

Looks like an SUV of some sort.
My head throbbed and my side felt as if a car, no, an SUV were parked on me.

18

being/ˈbiɪŋ/

موجود (زنده)

اسم

He was being positively rude.
He was caught being drunk in the back of a cab.

existence  living  life  animation  animateness

19

unknown/ʌnˈnoʊn/

نامعلوم ناآشنا

صفت

The immense, the unknown, enfolded me.
He was experiencing emotion completely unknown to him.

undisclosed  unrevealed  undivulged  untold  unspecified

20

put down/pʊt daʊn/

زمین گذاشتن

فعل

snub  disparaging remark  insult  slight  affront

21

aloud/əˈlɑʊd/

بلند

قید

She read the words aloud and he snorted.
Two people laughed aloud and someone growled about their federal tax dollars at work.

audibly  out loud  for all to hear  clearly  distinctly

22

strange/streɪndʒ/

عجیب بیگانه

صفت

Howard gave him a strange look.
We're seeing something strange out here.

unusual  odd  curious  peculiar  funny

23

pleasure/ˈplɛʒər/

لذت خوشی

اسم

It was a pleasure to meet you.
Graceful, coordinated and a pleasure to watch.

happiness  delight  joy  gladness  rapture

24

embed/ɪmˈbɛd/

قرار دادن جا دادن، جاسازی کردن، القا کردن

فعل

We embed the jagged side into the ice above us and pull ourselves up.
At the present day four or five large glaciers stream down the shoulders and embed themselves in the hollow flanks of Khan-tengri - the Semenov at altitudes of 12,410-11,100 ft., the Mushketov at 11,910-10,920 ft., the Inylchik at 11,320-10,890 ft., and the Kaindy at 10,810-10,040 ft.

implant  plant  set  fix  lodge

25

page-turner/peɪʤ-ˈtɜrnər/

کتاب مهیج کتاب جالب

اسم

Candidates must provide an accompanist or page turner (or both) if required.
Buy UK or Buy US Alex Garland's cult novel ' The Beach ' - a real page turner once you get going!

26

unforgettable/ˌʌn.fərˈget̬.ə.bəl/

فراموش‌نشدنی

صفت

I've a bet with Leland—a night of unforgettable pleasure for him against a new golf outfit for me.
It was an unforgettable day and Dean never once thought of the missing Mr. Byrne until mid-afternoon while they were taking a short break and Cynthia mentioned his name.

memorable  indelible  never to be forgotten  not to be forgotten  fixed in the mind

27

conquer/ˈkɑŋkər/

فتح کردن مغلوب کردن

فعل

You will conquer the worlds.
Does love really conquer all?

defeat  beat  vanquish  trounce  annihilate

28

run into/rʌn ˈɪntu/

اتفاقی کسی را دیدن اتفاقی به کسی بر خوردن

فعل

collide with  be in collision with  hit  strike  crash into

29

novel/ˈnɑvəl/

رمان

اسم

Sounds like a dime novel, doesn't it?
Her first independent novel, Indiana, was written.

book  paperback  hardback
story  tale  narrative

30

autobiography/ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

حسب حال خود زندگی‌ نامه، خویش‌ نامه

اسم

His Autobiography was published in 1850.
His autobiography was published a few years ago.

memoirs, life story, account of one's life, personal history
diary, journal

31

simply/ˈsɪm.pli/

به سادگی به راحتی

قید

People simply cannot move that fast.
Maybe Katie was simply trying to stay out of trouble.

straightforwardly  directly
clearly  plainly  intelligibly  lucidly

32

overall/ˌoʊ.vəˈrɔːl/

در مجموع به طور کلی، کلا

قید

It was an overall combination of respect and interest.
overall length, 61 ft.

all-inclusive  general  comprehensive  universal  all-embracing

33

bombard/bɑmˈbɑrd/

بمباران کردن به توپ بستن

فعل

In November 1897, when the Austro-Hungarian flag was insulted at Mersina, he threatened to bombard the town if instant reparation were not made, and by his firm attitude greatly enhanced Austrian prestige in the East.
More rarely their patience became exhausted, and ships were sent to bombard this nest of pirates.

shell  torpedo  pound  blitz  strafe

34

pass/pæs/

گذشتن (مکان/زمان) سپری کردن، عبور کردن

فعل

The doctors were of use to Natasha because they kissed and rubbed her bump, assuring her that it would soon pass if only the coachman went to the chemist's in the Arbat and got a powder and some pills in a pretty box for a ruble and seventy kopeks, and if she took those powders in boiled water at intervals of precisely two hours, neither more nor less.
The next one to pass her did as well.

go  proceed  move  progress  make one's way

35

cliffhanger/ˈklɪfˌhæŋər/

پایان نفس‌گیر

اسم

It was a first truly successful primetime, use of a cliffhanger to keep fans talking all summer.
The final episode was a cliffhanger, which hinted at the possibility that Shannon might be pregnant again.

36

mystery/ˈmɪstəri/

راز رمز، معما، رازآلود، معمایی

اسم

I like a mystery without dead bodies.
If you read some of these here mystery books, you'd pick up lots of point­ers for that job of yours.

puzzle  enigma  conundrum  riddle  secret

37

collection/kəˈlekʃn/

مجموعه کالکشن، کلکسیون

اسم

hoard  pile  heap  stack  gathering

38

audio/ˈɑdiˌoʊ/

صوتی سمعی

صفت

Unwilling to face him, she turned on the audio portion.
That said, it was quite the impressive machine at the time: an ARM60 32-bit RISC CPU, a pair of video co-processors, the ability to play audio and video CDs, and the possibility of using up to eight controllers at once, to name but a few.

39

bookmark/ˈbʊkmɑːrk/

نشانه گذاری (وبسایت)

فعل

She absently flipped through the pages to her bookmark.
Bookmark: Sloane astrolabe An adaptation of the earliest known European astrolabe, from England, around AD 1300.

40

browse/braʊz/

جست و جو کردن (در اینترنت و ...)

فعل

In fact, he had repeatedly encouraged her to browse his financial records.
It was only a pet calf that had come there to browse among the bushes.

look around  look round  have a look  window-shop  peruse
scan

41

thriller/ˈθrɪlər/

(فیلم یا رمان) مهیج دلهره‌ آور

اسم

It was reminiscent of some thriller he'd read.
Although a slow seller at first, the Footloose soundtrack eventually rose to the number one spot on the Billboard Charts in April of that year, knocking Michael Jackson's Thriller out of that space.

42

self-help/ˈsɛlfˈhɛlp/

خودیاری

اسم

It is state-law; alike self-help, blood-feud, marriage by capture, are absent; though family solidarity, district responsibility, ordeal, the lex talionis, are primitive features that remain.
The point of enduring interest as regards the Andamans is the penal system, the object of which is to turn the life-sentence and few long-sentence convicts, who alone are sent to the settlement, into honest, self-respecting men and women, by leading them along a continuous course of practice in self-help and self-restraint, and by offering them every inducement to take advantage of that practice.

43

beloved/bɪˈlʌvəd/

عزیز گرامی

صفت

But he was much beloved by his family.
I also knew Mr. Charles Dudley Warner, the most delightful of story-tellers and the most beloved friend, whose sympathy was so broad that it may be truly said of him, he loved all living things and his neighbour as himself.

darling  dear  dearest  precious  adored

44

periodical/ˌpɪriˈɑdɪkəl/

مجله روزنامه، ماهنامه، هفته‌نامه، [نشریه‌های دوره‌ای]

اسم

It's like finding a long lost periodical son.
His own contributions to this periodical were numerous and important.

journal  publication  magazine  newspaper  paper

45

suppose/səˈpoʊz/

فرض کردن گمان کردن، فکر کردن

فعل

I suppose they're both a little artificial.
Yeah, well, I suppose it's a little tough in the winter.

assume  dare say  take for granted  take as read  presume

46

cope/koʊp/

از پس (چیزی یا کسی) برآمدن تحمل کردن، ساختن (با وضع و ...)

فعل

The cope presented to the cathedral treasury by Pope Nicholas IV.
The rochet is worn without the chimere under the cope by those bishops who use this vestment.

manage  survive  subsist  look after oneself  fend for oneself

47

gardening/ˈgɑrdənɪŋ/

باغبانی

اسم

Market gardening is an important industry.
Market gardening and an extensive trade in grain are also carried on.

piece of land, plot
lawn
park, estate, grounds
yard
garth








48

contain/kənˈteɪn/

حاوی بودن در برداشتن، شامل بودن

فعل

Fred could hardly contain his excite­ment.
Finally Royce could contain himself no longer.

include  comprise  take in  incorporate  involve

49

romance/ˈroʊmæns/

رمان عاشقانه فیلم عاشقانه، داستان عاشقانه

اسم

Actually, it wasn't romance she was looking for.
She couldn't believe that there was any thought of romance going on in Cade's mind.

love  passion  ardour  adoration  devotion
affection

50

puzzle/ˈpʌz.əl/

جدول پازل، جورچین

اسم

The pieces of the puzzle simply didn't fit together.
Each still held the final pieces to the puzzle they left behind.

perplex  confuse  bewilder  bemuse  baffle

51

fingertip/ˈfɪŋɡərtɪp/

سرانگشت نوک انگشت

اسم

She stopped and touched a page with her fingertip.
Dave Puttnam should have done better when well-placed, while Glen Fuff produced a fingertip save from away keeper Pat Mountain.

52

error/ˈer.ər/

اشتباه خطا

اسم

Lana had never seen this error message before.
This omission is sometimes believed to be an error.

mistake  fallacy  misconception  delusion
inaccuracy  miscalculation

53

science fiction/ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃən/

علمی - تخیلی (داستان، فیلم)

اسم

54

magazine/ˌmæg.əˈziːn/

مجله

اسم

He tossed the magazine aside and stood.
Alex was sitting in his chair, reading a magazine and glanced up when she spoke.

journal  publication  periodical  paper  proceedings
organ

55

e-book/i-bʊk/

کتاب الکترونیک

اسم

When the user has finished reading the e-book it can be deleted from the handheld device in order to make space for another text.
You can access further details and purchase the e-book here.

56

transition/trænˈzɪʃn/

انتقال (از یک مرحله به مرحله دیگر) گذر، عبور، تغییر

اسم

When did this transition happen?
You were forced into a transition without being prepared for it.

change  move  passage  transformation  conversion

57

short story/ˌʃɔːrt ˈstɔːri/

داستان کوتاه

اسم

58

skim/skɪm/

سریع خواندن سرسری خواندن

فعل

I picked up a stone and attempted to skim it across the water.
She didn't move away or object when he allowed his palms to skim her curves, tracing down her sides to her hips then around to her tight bottom.

remove  take off  scoop off  spoon off  ladle off
cream
glide

59

nonfiction/nɑnˈfɪkʃən/

(کتاب، مقاله و ...) غیرداستانی

اسم

Nearly all readings in science and history classes are nonfiction.
Jeff's favorite type of nonfiction books are biographies about historical figures.

60

survey/ˈsɜrˌveɪ/

نظرسنجی کردن

فعل

A general was sent to survey the position.
He paused, turning to survey her with a faintly amused expression.

look at  look over  take a look at  observe  view

61

recall/rɪˈkɔːl/

به یاد آوردن به خاطر داشتن

فعل

She definitely didn't recall this place.
I cannot recall what happened during the first months after my illness.

remember  recollect  call to mind  think of
think back on  think back to

62

expert/ˈek.spɜrt/

کارشناس متخصص

اسم

I'm going to be an expert if this keeps up.
His father was no doubt an expert, while Dean's ability was somewhere in between.

specialist  authority  pundit  oracle  resource person
adept

63

fiction/ˈfɪkʃən/

داستان غیرواقعی داستان (تخیلی)

اسم

Just because it's fiction doesn't mean you can't learn from it.
"Robot" is a term almost one hundred years old, created in fiction before becoming a reality.

novels  stories  creative writing  imaginative writing  works of the imagination

64

advice/ədˈvɑɪs/

نصیحت راهنمایی، مشاوره، پیشنهاد

اسم

guidance  advising  counselling  counsel  help

65

hilarious/hɪˈlɛriəs/

(خیلی) خنده‌دار

صفت

There's something completely hilarious but also slightly disturbing about seeing dozens upon dozens of crab legs shaking about in the air.The scale at which the game progresses is an amazing thing to behold.
While many women are familiar with waxing as a hair removal technique, a lot of men have no knowledge of it outside of that hilarious (if not painful) scene in the film The 40 Year-Old Virgin with Steve Carrell.

very funny  extremely amusing  hysterically funny  hysterical  uproarious

66

pick up/pɪk ʌp/

خریدن

فعل

improve  get better  recover  mend  be on the road to recovery

67

masterpiece/ˈmæstərpiːs/

شاهکار مهم‌ترین اثر

اسم

His masterpiece is a collection of short stories, called The Spinning Room.
The book is in some respects his masterpiece, and its merits are beyond question.

triumph  coup  marvellous feat  feather in one's cap  wonder

68

concentrate/ˈkɑn.sənˌtreɪt/

تمرکز کردن متمرکز کردن

فعل

It takes work to concentrate and remember.
We need to concentrate on reality, not what could have been.

focus  direct  centre  centralize  bring to bear
home in on

69

newsfeed/nuz fid/

سرویس خبری نیوزفید

اسم

Social Networking: On your Facebook newsfeed, scroll to the bottom where you can "Edit Options."
Remove your friend from your newsfeed so that you don't have to see updates and think about this friend.

70

throughout/θruˈaʊt/

سرتاسر (در) تمام، از اول تا آخر

حرف اضافه

Throughout a difficult pregnancy, he had never raised his voice once.
Fred's mood remained somber throughout the meal.

all over  all round  in every part  in every part of  everywhere

71

fisherman/ˈfɪʃərˌmæn/

ماهیگیر

اسم

The instrument generally employed is a bag-shaped net attached to a semicircular hoop, provided with a long handle and pushed over the surface of the sand by a fisherman wading in the water at ebb-tide.
He speaks Finnish with Finns, Mongolian with Buriats, Ostiak with Ostiaks; he shows remarkable facility in adapting his agricultural practices to new conditions, without, however, abandoning the village community; he becomes hunter, cattle-breeder or fisherman, and carries on these occupations according to local usage; he modifies his dress and adapts his religious beliefs to the locality he inhabits.

angler
rod
fisher
piscator

72

look for/lʊk fɔr/

(به) دنبال (چیزی) گشتن

فعل

search for  hunt for  seek  look about for  look around for

73

ending/ˈen.dɪŋ/

پایان

اسم

Nightmares persist with the dogs of the law in never ending pursuit.
He'd wanted to make it up to her for her life ending too soon.

end  finish  close  closing  conclusion

74

sofa/ˈsoʊ.fə/

مبل راحتی کاناپه

اسم

I made myself comfortable on the sofa, my arm around Betsy, as we all waited for him to continue.
My smile disappeared when I saw Howard Abbott on the sofa, his head in his hands.

settee  couch  divan  chaise longue  love seat

75

surf/sɜrf/

جست‌وجو کردن (در اینترنت)

فعل

He yelled her name but the call was smothered by the cry of the wind and the crash of the surf beyond.
He yelled Cynthia's name as he stumbled ahead until he reached the wind-driven surf splashing at his feet.

76

distract/dɪˈstrækt/

حواس (کسی را) پرت کردن منحرف کردن (توجه)

فعل

Just sit back and don't distract me.
No, you were only trying to distract me.

divert  deflect  sidetrack  turn aside  turn away

77

offline/ɔfˈlaɪn/

برون‌خط آفلاین

صفت

I can't think of anything offline to compare it to.
And I think that helps explain why no one quite foresaw the rise of the Internet: because it doesn't have an offline corollary of its own.

78

section/ˈsek.ʃən/

بخش قسمت، ناحیه

اسم

The rubber is circular in section, and about 2 in.
Does any section of science consider time travel a possibility?

segment  part  component  division  piece

79

constantly/ˈkɑnstəntli/

همواره به طور مدام، پیوسته

قید

He is constantly alone with his thoughts.
Sarah was a hopeless romantic, constantly searching for her 'soul mate'.

always  all the time  the entire time  continually  continuously

80

scan/skæn/

اجمالی نگاه کردن بررسی کردن

فعل

It looked like a cat scan of a brain, but it wasn't hers.
I mentioned a brain scan; you'd think I'd suggested a lobotomy.

study  examine  scrutinize  inspect  survey

81

fast read/fæst rid/

کتاب ساده و لذت‌بخش

اسم

82

inspector/ɪnˈspektər/

بازرس

اسم

Schofield and inspector of rifle practice, with the rank of captain from 1892.
"Chief Inspector Hercule O'Connor, at your service," he answered, with a bow.

examiner  checker  scrutinizer  scrutineer  investigator

83

get into/gɛt ˈɪntu/

علاقه‎مند شدن وارد کاری شدن

فعل

84

thrilling/ˈθrɪl.ɪŋ/

هیجان‌انگیز جذاب

صفت

One day we had a thrilling experience.
Martha asked if she'd like to hold the baby, thrilling Molly further.

exciting  stirring  action-packed  rip-roaring  gripping

85

account/əˈkɑʊnt/

گزارش شرح

اسم

That account has $10,000 in it.
Mr. Howes has probably given you a full account of our doings.

description  report  version  story  narration

86

instant/ˈɪn.stənt/

لحظه

اسم

In an instant he was beside her, trying to take the bale from her hands.
In that instant the telephone rang.

immediate  instantaneous  on-the-spot  prompt  direct

87

interrupt/ɪn.t̬əˈrʌpt/

قطع کردن (حرف یا اندیشه کسی) میان حرف کسی دویدن

فعل

I didn't want to interrupt your reunion.
Sure. I'm sorry to interrupt you.

cut in  cut in on  break in  break in on  barge in



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